Table 4.
Modified Poisson regression models of in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes on follicular fluid metals (square root transformed) measured in patients, with generalized estimating equations used to generate robust standard errors; the Study of Metals and Assisted Reproductive Technology (SMART)
| Metals (õg/L) | n women/ n oocytes | Single metal model: | Multiple metals model: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR a | 95 % CI | RR b | 95 % CI | ||||
| Oocyte maturity: c | |||||||
| Mercury | 33/396 | 1.32 | 0.85 | 2.04 | 1.27 | 0.80 | 2.02 |
| Cadmium | 33/396 | 1.79 | 0.59 | 5.43 | 1.63 | 0.45 | 5.94 |
| Lead | 33/396 | 0.90 | 0.57 | 1.43 | 0.95 | 0.59 | 1.51 |
| Oocyte fertilization: d | |||||||
| Mercury | 46/475 | 2.08 | 0.94 | 4.61 | 1.98 | 0.84 | 4.67 |
| Cadmium | 46/475 | 8.94 * | 1.32 | 60.49 | 9.05 * | 1.32 | 61.81 |
| Lead | 46/475 | 0.76 | 0.52 | 1.10 | 0.68 * | 0.49 | 0.96 |
| Biochemical pregnancy: e | |||||||
| Mercury | 42 | 0.81 | 0.14 | 4.55 | 0.75 | 0.11 | 4.97 |
| Cadmium | 42 | 21.78 | 0.09 | 5422.03 | 19.02 | 0.09 | 4247.57 |
| Lead | 42 | 1.76 | 0.44 | 7.05 | 1.64 | 0.47 | 5.69 |
| Clinical pregnancy: f | |||||||
| Mercury | 42 | 0.50 | 0.05 | 5.18 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 6.25 |
| Cadmium | 42 | 39.27 | 0.12 | 13,291.60 | 38.80 | 0.12 | 12,186.31 |
| Lead | 42 | 1.64 | 0.31 | 8.79 | 1.55 | 0.35 | 6.87 |
aRelative risk (RR) as a function of concentrations of a single measured FF metal adjusted for age, cigarette smoking and race/ethnicity; b RR as a function of concentrations of all measured metals adjusted for age, cigarette smoking and race/ethnicity; c cases of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) only, defined as oocyte recovered in metaphase-II (M2) arrest; d defined as presence of two pro-nuclei and two Barr-bodies; e defined as two positive serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) tests; f defined as visualization of one or more gestational sacs on ultrasound; *P < 0.05
CI confidence interval exposure