Table I.

Summary of patient cases.

	Age at initiation of propranolol	Diagnosis	Location	Approximate size	KMP at initiation of propranolol	Previously attempted treatments	Highest dose of propranolol	Duration of propranolol treatment	Concurrent treatments with propranolol	Response to propranolol
Patient 1	5 months	KHE with KMP	Right scalp, right face, and right neck	N/A	Unknown	None	1 mg/kg/day	4 weeks	None	No response.     Propranolol discontinued when KMP was diagnosed.
Patient 2	12 months	KHE with KMP (no biopsy)	Right inferior thigh, right knee, and right superior tibia	N/A	Present	Prednisolone for 10 months (good response until tapered off)	2 mg/kg/day	25 months	Prednisolone (variable doses up to 2 mg/kg/day) for 9 of the months	Complete response† to combination then alone. Off all therapy for 9 months without relapse.
Patient 3	4 years	KHE with KMP	Left scalp, left face, left neck, and bilateral chest	8 × 11 cm	Present	Multiple courses of vincristine ± cyclophosphamide and actinomycin D for 3.5 years. Prednisolone for 2 years. Interferon-α2b for 2 months. Radiation therapy (1000 centiGray total) for 5 days. Thalidomide, celecoxib, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide regimen for 2 months.	1.3 mg/kg/day	8 weeks	Prednisolone up to 2 mg/kg/day for entire course Vincristine 0.05 mg/kg/week for first 2 weeks	No response.     Partial response subsequently to repeated vincristine 0.05 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks.
Patient 4	13 months	KHE with KMP	Retroperitonium	5 × 8 cm	Present	Vincristine for 6 months. IV methylprednisolone and prednisolone for 10 months (good response but recurrent milder KMP when tapered to low doses)	2 mg/kg/day	3.5 months	Prednisolone <1.5 mg/kg/day for first 6 weeks. Vincristine 0.025-0.05 mg/kg q1-2 weeks for entire course.	No response.     KHE slightly larger, but no KMP recurrence. Partial response subsequently to sirolimus 0.8 mg/m2/dose twice daily with smaller tumor. Off all therapy for 7 months without worsening,
Patient 5	21 months	TA	Right thigh	6 × 8 cm	No	None	2 mg/kg/day	4 weeks	Aspirin 5 mg/kg/day	No response.     Relapsed within 2 days when aspirin discontinued. Aspirin restarted and propranolol discontinued with partial response to aspirin alone.
Patient 6	8 months	KHE with KMP	Left shoulder, left upper arm, and left elbow	8 × 12 cm	No	None	0.3 mg/kg/day	3 days	None	No response.     Discontinued after only 3 days due to KMP. Very good response subsequently to prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day and vincristine 0.05 mg/kg/week.
Patient 7	17 days	KHE with KMP (no biopsy)	Right face and neck	6 × 6 cm	Present	None	2 mg/kg/day	19 days	Prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day for last 8 days	No response.     Worsened on treatment. Very good response subsequently to prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day and vincristine 0.05 mg/kg/week.
Patient 8	9 days	KHE with KMP (no biopsy)	Left chest	9 × 9 cm	Present	None	2 mg/kg/day	19 days	None	No response. Worsened on treatment. Very good response subsequently to prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day and vincristine 0.05 mg/kg/week.
Patient 9	2 days	TA with KMP	Right thigh	5 × 6 cm	Present	None	3 mg/kg/day	11 months	None	Complete response.† Treated for 3 months, with relapse after discontinuation. Resolution of TA and KMP with second course of propranolol for 8 months. Off all therapy for 6 months without relapse.
Patient 10	3 years	KHE	Right scalp, right face, and right neck	N/A	No	Prednisolone for 2 months Aminocaproic acid for 13 months	2 mg/kg/day	4 months	None	Partial response.‡ KHE stable in size and KMP remained quiescent.
Patient 11	26 months	KHE	Right buttock	5 × 8 cm	No	None	2 mg/kg/day	9 months	None	Partial response.‡ Softening of lesion and symptom improvement.

^†Complete response defined as complete resolution of tumor, and in cases with KMP, normalization of hematologic parameters.

^‡Partial response defined as stabilization of tumor growth, partial regression of tumor, improvement of KMP, and/or improvement of symptoms.

IV: intravenous; N/A: not available