Table 1.

Recent randomized clinical and radiographic studies comparing navigated TKA with conventional TKA

Authors	Year	Journal	Study design	Number	Followup duration	Results
Harvie et al. [42]	2011	J Arthroplasty	Alignment, rotation, function, satisfaction	71	5 years	Improved coronal, sagittal, axial alignment; no clinical, functional or satisfaction difference
Blakeney et al. [16]	2011	J Bone Joint Surg Am	Alignment, rotation, complications, function	107	3 months	Improved coronal, sagittal alignment; no axial rotation, clinical, functional or satisfaction differences
Schmitt et al. [103]	2011	BMC Musculoskelet Disord	Clinical, alignment, CT scan	90	3 years	worse clinical results (KSS); improved femoral coronal alignment only
Zhang et al. [127]	2011	J Bone Joint Surg Am	Simultaneous bilateral TKA, alignment, rotation, function	64	6 months	Improved coronal, sagittal alignment; no axial rotation, clinical, functional differences
Choi et al. [28]	2011	J Arthroplasty	Radiographic alignment in frontal plane	160	6 months	improved frontal femoral alignment; mechanical axis and frontal tibial alignment similar; 20% outliers on postoperative radiographs despite no intraoperative outliers
Barrett et al. [6]	2011	J Arthroplasty	Multicenter, radiographic coronal and sagittal, clinical (KSS, WOMAC)	208	1 year	Only improved coronal tibial alignment
Hiscox et al. [47]	2011	J Arthroplasty	Alignment, rotation, function, satisfaction	141	1.2 year	No improvement in any study variable
Lutzner et al. [70]	2010	Knee Surg Sports Trauma Arthrosc	Functional outcomes (KSS, EQ5D) and rotation	73	20 months	Improvement in knee society knee score only; no other differences
Kim et al. [61]	2009	J Bone Joint Surg Am	Simultaneous bilateral TKA, alignment, rotation, function	320	3.4 years	No improvement in any variable
Lutzner et al. [71]	2008	J Bone Joint Surg Br	CT and radiographic alignment and rotation	80	1 year	No difference in axial, sagittal, or coronal alignment
Matziolis et al. [80]	2007	J Bone Joint Surg Am	Three-dimensional CT alignment, rotation, ROM, KSS	60	6 month	Improved coronal and sagittal alignment; no rotation or clinical difference (KSS, WOMAC)
Mombert et al. [85]	2007	Acta Orthop Belg	CT coronal, sagittal, rotational	42	3 months	Improved range of outliers but no significant differences
Seon et al. [106]	2007	Comput Aided Surg	Bilateral TKA comparing navigation versus conventional; alignment, clinical	42	1 year	No differences at 1 year
Kim et al. [63]	2007	J Bone Joint Surg Br	Simultaneous bilateral TKA, alignment, function	200	2.3 years	No improvement in alignment or function
Seon and Song [105]	2006	J Arthroplasty	MIS-TKA with navigation versus conventional TKA, pain scores, ROM	102	2 weeks	No differences in clinical or alignment outcomes
Victor and Hoste [120]	2004	Clin Orthop Relat Res	Alignment in the coronal, sagittal plane, patella, clinical	100	3 months	Improved alignment in the coronal plane not sagittal; no differences clinical or patella tracking
Chin et al. [27]	2005	J Arthroplasty	Alignment coronal and sagittal	90	Immediate postoperative	Improved alignment coronal and sagittal; no clinical results
Decking et al. [33]	2005	J Arthroplasty	Alignment coronal and sagittal, function,	50	3 months	Improved coronal and sagittal alignment, no clinical difference (KSS, WOMAC)
Sparmann et al. [112]	2003	J Bone Joint Surg Br	alignment sagittal and coronal; no functional outcomes	240	2 months	Improved mechanical axis and frontal femoral and tibial axes; no clinical outcomes reported

KSS = Knee Society score; MIS = minimally invasive surgery.