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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Integr Biol (Camb). 2013 Jan;5(1):10.1039/c2ib20097j. doi: 10.1039/c2ib20097j

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

a. Pushing force as a result of polymerisation causes a more negative membrane force, F (upper panel), while pulling force as a result of depolymerisation causes a more positive, F (lower panel). b. Optically trapped bead attached to membrane tube of length L and filled with F-actin (noted by magenta). The direction of the axial membrane force, F is positive. Bright-field images of membrane tubes formed from cell. Images were obtained at the end of tube elongation (image on left) and when the stationary force (image on right) was monitored (ESI Movie S.1).