Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cancer Cases and Controls, SU.VI.MAX Cohort, France, 1994–2007
| Breast Cancer Cases (n = 218 cases) |
Prostate Cancer Cases (n = 156 cases) |
Overall Cancer Cases (n = 512) |
Controls (n = 1,024) |
P Valuea | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age, years | 49.2 (6.1) | 54.9 (4.8) | 51.4 (6.1) | 51.5 (6.1) | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Sex | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
| Male | 229 | 44.7 | 458 | 44.7 | |||||||||
| Female | 283 | 55.3 | 566 | 55.3 | |||||||||
| Body mass indexb | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
| <25 | 164 | 75.2 | 74 | 47.4 | 314 | 61.3 | 628 | 61.3 | |||||
| 25–<30 | 37 | 17.0 | 67 | 43.0 | 150 | 29.3 | 323 | 31.5 | |||||
| ≥30 | 17 | 7.8 | 15 | 9.6 | 48 | 9.4 | 73 | 7.1 | |||||
| Height, cm | 162.8 (6.2) | 173.4 (6.7) | 167.6 (8.3) | 166.7 (8.3) | 0.05 | ||||||||
| Intervention group | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 109 | 50.0 | 73 | 46.8 | 258 | 50.4 | 516 | 50.4 | |||||
| No (placebo) | 109 | 50.0 | 83 | 53.2 | 254 | 49.6 | 508 | 49.6 | |||||
| Smoking status | 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Never smoker | 126 | 57.8 | 63 | 40.4 | 245 | 47.9 | 516 | 50.4 | |||||
| Former smoker | 46 | 21.1 | 75 | 48.1 | 175 | 34.2 | 392 | 38.3 | |||||
| Current smoker | 46 | 21.1 | 18 | 11.5 | 92 | 18.0 | 116 | 11.3 | |||||
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 9.2 (11.2) | 24.1 (19.9) | 16.6 (18.6) | 14.9 (16.7) | 0.06 | ||||||||
| Physical activity | 0.2 | ||||||||||||
| Low | 64 | 29.4 | 35 | 22.4 | 129 | 25.2 | 259 | 25.3 | |||||
| Moderate | 75 | 34.4 | 40 | 25.6 | 156 | 30.5 | 273 | 26.7 | |||||
| High | 79 | 36.2 | 81 | 51.9 | 227 | 44.3 | 492 | 48.1 | |||||
| Educational level, years | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
| <12 | 130 | 59.6 | 89 | 57.1 | 306 | 59.8 | 584 | 57.0 | |||||
| ≥12 | 88 | 40.4 | 67 | 43.0 | 206 | 40.2 | 440 | 43.0 | |||||
| PSA level for men, ng/mL | 3.6 (3.6) | 2.9 (3.3) | 1.3 (1.5) | <0.0001 | |||||||||
| PSA category for men, ng/mL | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| <3 | 96 | 61.5 | 164 | 71.6 | 425 | 92.8 | |||||||
| ≥3 | 60 | 38.5 | 65 | 28.4 | 33 | 7.2 | |||||||
| Plasma hs-CRP level, mg/L | 2.1 (4.3) | 2.5 (5.1) | 2.5 (5.9) | 2.1 (4.5) | 0.006 | ||||||||
| Plasma sICAM-1 level, ng/mL | 247.0 (80.0) | 245.2 (65.5) | 253.2 (80.0) | 240.3 (65.4) | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Plasma sVCAM-1 level, ng/mL | 689.5 (226.9) | 682.5 (194.6) | 689.0 (233.9) | 683.8 (200.7) | 0.8 | ||||||||
| Plasma soluble E-selectin level, ng/mL | 33.8 (14.7) | 41.0 (15.3) | 38.1 (16.2) | 37.9 (15.1) | 0.8 | ||||||||
| Plasma MCP-1 level, pg/mL | 248.7 (159.4) | 278.8 (85.9) | 266.0 (129.2) | 257.5 (113.8) | 0.1 | ||||||||
| Plasma leptin level, ng/mL | 13.0 (12.0) | 5.3 (4.6) | 9.6 (9.7) | 9.8 (10.3) | 0.6 | ||||||||
| Plasma adiponectin level, µg/mL | 13.8 (9.0) | 7.1 (3.7) | 10.6 (7.7) | 11.0 (8.7) | 0.4 | ||||||||
Abbreviations: hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; SD, standard deviation; SU.VI.MAX, Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
a P value for the comparison between overall cancer cases and controls by Student's t test or χ2 test where appropriate. Data for biomarker variables were log-transformed to improve normality. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
b Weight (kg)/height (m)2.