Table 4.
Nutrition outcomes in Vietnam, 1997–2006
| |
Percentage of children under five who are under-weight |
Percentage of children under five who are stunted |
Percentage of children under five who are wasted |
Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g) |
Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g) |
Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g) |
Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 1997 | 2000 | 2002 | 2006 |
|
1. Total sample |
32.4 |
35.9 |
5.6 |
8.9 |
5.7 |
7.0 |
6.2 |
|
2. Living standards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poorest quintile |
41.0 |
44.4 |
7.4 |
17.2 |
8.0 |
11.3 |
9.6 |
| 2nd quintile |
35.7 |
41.8 |
4.8 |
12.4 |
6.3 |
6.9 |
6.6 |
| Middle quintile |
30.6 |
37.0 |
4.2 |
7.7 |
7.8 |
6.3 |
6.1 |
| 4th quintile |
28.7 |
30.8 |
5.0 |
5.7 |
5.8 |
8.4 |
6.8 |
| Richest quintile |
17.0 |
16.1 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
1.6 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
| Ratio poor/rich |
2.41 |
2.75 |
1.49 |
4.26 |
5.01 |
3.21 |
2.58 |
| Concentration Index |
−0.1067 |
−0.1216 |
−0.0967 |
−0.2810 |
−0.2081 |
−0.1584 |
−0.1236 |
| p (CI = 0) |
p < 0.05 |
p < 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p < 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p < 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
| p (CI1997 = CI2006) |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
|
3. Education of mother |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No education |
46.5 |
55.5 |
5.2 |
14.2 |
6.9 |
17.7 |
6.4 |
| Primary |
36.8 |
40.1 |
6.4 |
10.0 |
6.5 |
6.9 |
5.6 |
| Lower secondary |
30.5 |
34.2 |
5.3 |
8.5 |
4.3 |
6.8 |
7.4 |
| Upper secondary or higher |
20.0 |
19.5 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
7.2 |
3.1 |
5.6 |
| Ratio no education / upper secondary or higher |
2.32 |
2.84 |
0.97 |
2.74 |
0.96 |
5.70 |
1.15 |
| Concentration Index |
−0.0816 |
−0.1254 |
−0.0336 |
−0.1063 |
0.1238 |
−0.1684 |
−0.0040 |
| p (CI = 0) |
p < 0.05 |
p < 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p < 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
| p (CI1997 = CI2006) |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
p > 0.05 |
|
4. Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Majority |
29.4 |
32.0 |
5.3 |
7.9 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
| Minority |
44.9 |
52.2 |
6.9 |
18.7 |
2.0 |
14.4 |
6.8 |
| Ratio minority / majority |
1.53 |
1.63 |
1.31 |
2.36 |
0.33 |
2.35 |
1.11 |
|
5. Sex of child |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
30.5 |
34.8 |
6.3 |
7.2 |
N/a |
6.8 |
N/a |
| Female |
34.3 |
37.1 |
4.8 |
10.7 |
N/a |
7.2 |
N/a |
| Ratio female / male |
1.12 |
1.07 |
0.75 |
1.49 |
N/a |
1.06 |
N/a |
|
6. Place of residence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
21.1 |
19.2 |
6.0 |
4.3 |
1.7 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
| Rural |
35.0 |
39.8 |
5.5 |
10.2 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
7.2 |
| Ratio rural/urban |
1.66 |
2.08 |
0.91 |
2.36 |
4.18 |
1.96 |
2.02 |
|
7. Region |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Red River Delta |
27.5 |
34.4 |
4.7 |
6.5 |
3.8 |
5.0 |
7.8 |
| Northern Uplands |
37.1 |
48.0 |
3.6 |
5.3 |
1.0 |
8.0 |
6.3 |
| North Central Coast |
38.4 |
44.8 |
6.4 |
11.2 |
12.2 |
3.6 |
5.0 |
| South Central Coast |
30.2 |
31.5 |
5.1 |
9.0 |
7.0 |
7.1 |
5.0 |
| Central Highlands |
43.8 |
43.2 |
6.6 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
21.0 |
6.1 |
| Southeast |
26.8 |
25.8 |
5.0 |
8.7 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
4.7 |
| Mekong River Delta | 28.6 | 25.4 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 6.8 |
Notes:
1. N/a = not applicable or data not available.
2. p (CI = 0) = probability of concentration index being equal to zero (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between a concentration index of zero, indicating perfect equality, and the obtained concentration index; such a result indicates inequality).
3. p (CI1997 = CI2006) = probability of concentration index for 1997 being equal to concentration index for 2006 (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between the concentration index in 1997 and the concentration index in 2006; such a result indicates a change in inequality over time).