Table 3.
Association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and retinal arteriolar narrowing or venular widening
| SDB categories by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) |
Sample size | No. with retinal arteriolar narrowing or venular widening |
Odds ratio (95% CI) from multivariable model 1* |
Odds ratio (95% CI) from multivariable model 2† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retinal venular widening defined as CRVE>223.0 um |
||||
| No SDB (AHI: <5 events/hr) | 251 | 79 | Referent | Referent |
| Mild SDB (AHI: 5-14.9 events/hr) | 156 | 52 | 1.33 (0.79, 2.24) | 1.31 (0.75, 2.28) |
| Moderate SDB (AHI: >15 events/hr) | 69 | 29 | 2.17 (1.13, 4.20) | 2.08 (1.03, 2.16) |
| p-trend | 0.022 | 0.045 | ||
| Retinal arteriolar narrowing defined as CRAE<141.1 um |
||||
| No SDB (AHI: <5 events/hr) | 251 | 81 | Referent | Referent |
| Mild SDB (AHI: 5-14.9 events/hr) | 156 | 53 | 1.00 (0.61, 1.65) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.60) |
| Moderate SDB (AHI: >15 events/hr) | 69 | 25 | 1.38 (0.74, 2.58) | 1.19 (0.61, 2.32) |
| p-trend | 0.39 | 0.72 |
*
Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), race-ethnicity (whites, non-whites), fellow retinal vessel diameter (um)
†
Additionally adjusted for smoking (never, former, current), alcohol intake (drinks/week), body mass index (kg/m2), diabetes (absent, present), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)