Table 3.
Associations between STI and HIV seroconversion among 646 women at high risk in Kampala, Uganda.
| N (%)(1) | HIV sero converters /pyr |
HIV incidence rate/ 100 pyr |
Age adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Hazard Ratio(2) (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 42/1147 | 3.66 | |||
|
| |||||
| Syphilis (3) | P=0.39 | P=0.34 | |||
| No infection | 4198 (84) | 35/937 | 3.63 | 1 | 1 |
| Past infection | 371 (7) | 1/105 | 1.91 | 0.39 (0.05-2.83) | 0.30 (0.04-2.25) |
| Active low titre syphilis (<8) | 332 (7) | 3/81 | 6.16 | 1.12 (0.34-3.66) | 0.72 (0.22-2.38) |
| Active high titre syphilis (8+) | 104 (2) | 3/19 | 5.32 | 2.42 (0.73-8.01) | 1.64 (0.48-5.67) |
|
| |||||
| HSV2 serostatus (4) | P=0.01 | P=0.29 | |||
| Negative | 1196 (24) | 6/289 | 2.08 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 3848 (76) | 36/858 | 4.20 | 2.70 (1.13-6.49) | 1.59 (0.65-3.93) |
|
| |||||
| N. gonorrhoeae (5) | P<0.01 | P<0.001 | |||
| Negative | 4576 (94) | 27/1046 | 2.58 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 317 (6) | 15/64 | 23.37 | 7.58 (3.99-14.42) | 5.41 (2.76-10.57) |
|
| |||||
| C. trachomatis (5) | P=0.01 | P=0.15 | |||
| Negative | 4622 (94) | 34/1048 | 3.24 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 271 (6) | 8/63 | 12.73 | 3.03 (1.37-6.72) | 1.91 (0.83-4.38) |
|
| |||||
| T. vaginalis (6) | P=0.02 | P=0.06 | |||
| Negative | 4505 (92) | 33/1024 | 3.22 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 396 (8) | 9/88 | 10.24 | 2.74 (1.30-5.76) | 2.26 (1.03-4.93) |
|
| |||||
| Bacterial vaginosis (7) | P=0.18 | P=0.87 | |||
| Negative | 2092 (43) | 12/479 | 2.50 | 1 | 1 |
| Intermediate | 244 (5) | 3/56 | 5.32 | 1.96 (0.55-7.01) | 1.36 (0.36-5.12) |
| Positive | 2553 (52) | 27/575 | 4.69 | 1.82 (0.92-3.60) | 1.17 (0.58-2.36) |
|
| |||||
| Candida albicans (8) | P=0.91 | P=0.54 | |||
| Negative | 4545 (93) | 39/1032 | 3.78 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 346 (7) | 3/79 | 3.82 | 0.93 (0.29-3.03) | 1.46 (0.44-4.85) |
|
| |||||
| M. genitalium (baseline) (9) | P=0.009 | P=0.03 | |||
| Negative | 564 (88) | 30/1007 | 2.98 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 80 (12) | 12/136 | 8.80 | 2.63 (1.34-5.17) | 2.19 (1.11-4.36) |
|
| |||||
| Confirmed VDS (10) | P=0.55 | P=0.87 | |||
| No | 3080 (61) | 21/672 | 3.12 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1967 (39) | 21/475 | 4.42 | 1.21 (0.65-2.24) | 1.06 (0.56-1.99) |
|
| |||||
| Confirmed GUD (9) | P=0.12 | P=0.32 | |||
| No | 4954 (98) | 39/1123 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 92 (2) | 3/23 | 12.93 | 3.01 (0.91-9.95) | 2.02 (0.56-7.20) |
|
| |||||
| Confirmed PID (10) | P=0.22 | P=0.59 | |||
| No | 4673 (93) | 35/1048 | 3.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 374 (7) | 7/98 | 7.14 | 1.75 (0.75-4.10) | 1.28 (0.53-3.06) |
(1)
Number of women for baseline variables (N= 646 women) or number of visits for time-varying variables (n=5048 visits)
(2)
Adjusted for age, calendar time, age at first sexual intercourse, number of lifetime sexual partners, use of alcohol in the past 3 months, number of paying clients in past 3 months, inconsistent condom use with paying clients in the past 3 months, current pregnancy, and N. Gonorrhoea, T. Vaginalis and M. Genitalium infections.
(3)
43 missing
(4)
4 missing
(5)
155 missing
(6)
147 missing
(7)
159 missing
(8)
157 missing
(9)
2 missing
(10)
1 missing