Table III.
Linear association between cardiovascular risk factors and peak GH in CCS, allowing different slope (strength of association) for peak GH ≤12 and peak GH >12.
| Variable | Peak GH | Adjusting for age, sex, Tanner stage | p-value for slope, also adjusting for BMI or VFM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slope (SE) | p-value | BMI | VFM | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ≤12 | −0.80 (0.094) | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0341 |
| >12 | −0.12 (0.032) | 0.0003 | N/A | 0.10 | |
| BMI percentile | ≤12 | −3.06 (0.576) | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.57 |
| >12 | −0.93 (0.196) | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.001 | |
| Percent fat mass (DXA) | ≤12 | −1.65 (0.198) | <0.0001 | 0.0028 | 0.005 |
| >12 | −0.41 (0.068) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Waist (cm) | ≤12 | −1.82 (0.220) | <0.0001 | 0.08 | N/A |
| >12 | −0.25 (0.075) | 0.001 | 0.63 | N/A | |
| Waist percentile | ≤12 | −4.04 (0.580) | <0.0001 | 0.30 | N/A |
| >12 | −0.83 (0.198) | <0.0001 | 0.0294 | N/A | |
| Waist-to-height ratio | ≤12 | −0.01 (0.001) | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0031 |
| >12 | −0.00 (0.000) | 0.0003 | 0.27 | 0.12 | |
| Abdominal visceral fat (cm3) | ≤12 | −2.65 (0.266) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | N/A |
| >12 | −0.32 (0.090) | 0.0005 | 0.14 | N/A | |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ≤12 | −3.76 (0.654) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| >12 | −0.18 (0.222) | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.62 | |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | ≤12 | −3.19 (0.572) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| >12 | −0.16 (0.195) | 0.42 | 0.56 | 0.57 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | ≤12 | 0.92 (0.239) | 0.0002 | 0.1242 | 0.15 |
| >12 | 0.07 (0.081) | 0.37 | 0.98 | 0.87 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ≤12 | −7.00 (1.052) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0014 |
| >12 | −0.14 (0.358) | 0.70 | 0.52 | 0.45 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | ≤12 | −0.17 (0.184) | 0.36 | 0.89 | 0.76 |
| >12 | 0.03 (0.063) | 0.60 | 0.33 | 0.34 | |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | ≤12 | −1.37 (0.210) | <0.0001 | 0.0092 | 0.39 |
| >12 | −0.09 (0.071) | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.38 | |
| Insulin sensitivity M/lbm (mg/kg/min) | ≤12 | 0.56 (0.101) | <0.0001 | 0.0005 | 0.0046 |
| >12 | −0.09 (0.033) | 0.0046 | 0.0005 | 0.0003 | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | ≤12 | −0.93 (0.259) | 0.0004 | 0.88 | 0.28 |
| >12 | 0.14 (0.088) | 0.11 | 0.0012 | 0.0142 | |
Slopes were obtained from linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, and Tanner stage. For each CV risk factor, the row labeled “Peak GH ≤12” is the rate of change (slope) of the risk factor as a function of peak GH for peak GH ≤12; the row labeled “Peak GH >12” is the rate of change (slope) of the risk factor as a function of peak GH for peak GH >12. P-value is shown in bold font if it is less than 0.05. Some of the associations between stimulated GH levels and CV risk factors remained significant after additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) or visceral fat mass (VFM).