Table 2.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in OCD.
| Name | Subjects (n) | M/F | Age (mean/SD) | Handedness right/left/Mixed | Mean OCD duration (months/SD) | Comorbidity | Procedure, aim, diagnosis, treatment | Results (OCD > controls) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carmona et al. (2007) | 18 OCD 18 controls | 13/5 13/5 | 12.9/2.8 13.0/3.0 | 15/2/1 15/2/1 | Not stated | None | MRI 1.5T. Aim: VBM to compare OCD brain to controls. Diagnosis: DSM-IV. Treatment: SSRIs | ↓ Total GM by 5.9%, ↓ bilateral GM in frontal and cingulate regions |
| Gilbert et al. (2008) | 10 OCD 10 siblings 10 controls | 6/4 6/4 6/4 | 12.9/2.7 13.1/3.0 13.4/2.6 | 10/0 10/0 10/0 | Not stated | None | MRI 1.5T. Aim: VBM to assess for ↑ GM in ACC and thalamus. ↓GM in striatum in OCD and siblings > controls. Diagnosis: DSM-IV. Treatment: Psychotropic naïve | ↓ GM in left ACC ↑ GM in right putamen > siblings. No difference in thalamus or left striatum |
| Szeszko et al. (2008) | 37 OCD 26 controls | 14/23 9/17 | 13/2.7 13/2.6 | 21/1/14 17/1/8 | Not stated | Comorbid anxiety = 9; Dysthymia = 3; ODD = 2; ADD = 2; ADHD = 1; Trichotillomania = 2 | MRI 1.5T. Aim: VBM to assess for GM alterations in striatum, thalamus, ACC, and OFC. Diagnosis: DSM-IV. Treatment: Psychotropic naïve | ↑ OFC GM. ↑ putamen volume. No increase in ACC GM |
| Lazaro et al. (2009) | 15 OCD 15 controls | 8/7 8/7 | 13.7/2.5 14.3/2.5 | 15/0 15/0 | 21.2/16.5 | None | MRI 1.5T. Aim: VBM to assess for changes in OFC and parietal lobe | ↓GM volume in parietal regions |
| Diagnosis: DSM-IV. Treatment-naïve | ||||||||
| Lazaro et al. (2011) | 27 OCD 27 controls | 15/12 13/14 | 15.6/1.5 16.1/1.3 | 27/0 27/0 | 28.9/27.3 | None | MRI 1.5T. Aim: VBM used to determine any group differences in whole brain in treated OCD patients. Diagnosis: DSM-IV. Treatment: SSRIs or Clomipramine or both | As expected, no differences in the whole brain between treated patients with OCD > controls |
| Zarei et al. (2011) | 26 OCD 26 controls | 14/12 14/12 | 16.6/1.5 16.5/1.4 | 23/3 23/3 | Not stated | None | MRI 1.5T. Aim: VBM to assess if adolescents had same alterations as adults. Diagnosis: ICD-10. Treatment: SSRIs | ↑ GM in bilateral caudate and right putamen |
ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; ADD, attention deficit disorder; ADHD, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; GM, gray matter.