Table 1.

The comparison of power and average sample number (ASN) between the proposed design and other group sequential designs with one-sided α = 0.025, B = 6, and true θ = 0 under null and θ = 0.5 under the alternative.

Design	δ	α̂	ASNα	1−β̂	ASNβ
OBF	0.4	0.023	68.7	0.983	84.2
Self-designing	0.4	0.010	85.4	0.923	87.2
Bayes Adaptive	0.4	0.014	55.3	0.949	75.0
ED	0.4	0.025	42.9	0.908	55.0
OBF	0.7	0.024	26.9	0.644	38.2
Self-designing	0.7	0.017	49.0	0.798	62.6
Bayes Adaptive	0.7	0.014	45.4	0.912	66.4
ED	0.7	0.019	42.7	0.901	54.8

Monte Carlo simulation based on 10,000 repetitions. B₀ = 1, B₁ = 15, σ = 1, K₁ = 1, K₂ = 3 * 10⁵, c = BK₂, and K₀ = r/(1 − r), where r is defined by (3.14). ASN_α and ASN_β are average sample sizes under θ = 0 and θ = 0.5, respectively.