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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Inquiry. 2012 Fall;49(3):254–267. doi: 10.5034/inquiryjrnl_49.03.02

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics for Explanatory Variables by DSH Hospital Type, 1996-2003

All Hospitals DSH Hospitals Non-DSH Hospitals P-value
Variables Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Governmental Financial Supports
 Net Medicaid DSH payments (Scaled) 0.84 2.49 2.86 3.91 - - -
 Other Governmental Supports (Scaled) 1.77 0.06 3.53 0.16 1.03 0.03 0.000***
  State and Local Governmental Subsidies (Scaled) 0.54 2.31 1.55 4.00 0.12 0.53 0.000***
  Medicare DSH subsidies (Scaled) 1.23 0.03 1.98 0.08 0.91 0.03 0.000***
Market Characteristics (at county level)
 Ratio of Medicaid eligible to total population 16.44 5.77 17.84 5.58 15.86 5.74 0.000***
 Ratio of Medicaid managed care enrollees to total population 6.39 5.20 7.48 5.25 5.93 5.11 0.000***
 Ratio of private HMO enrollees to total population at MSA Level 41.60 19.84 42.69 18.66 41.14 20.30 0.087*
 Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 0.30 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.32 0.27 0.000***
 Presence of public hospitals in county (%) 18.97 21.24 20.90 22.83 18.16 20.49 0.005***
 Presence of teaching hospitals in county (%) 28.33 21.74 31.98 20.19 26.80 22.19 0.000***
 Median household income (in 1000s) 37.62 7.70 36.48 7.38 38.10 7.79 0.000***
 Unemployment rate (%) 6.78 3.44 7.15 3.67 6.63 3.33 0.001***
Hospital Characteristics
 FTE RNs to staffed bed 1.35 0.62 1.22 0.58 1.40 0.63 0.000***
 Hospital staffed bed size 195.42 155.84 213.16 162.75 187.99 152.29 0.004***
 Hospital Medicare share (%) 42.39 15.29 34.72 16.01 45.60 13.77 0.000***
 Proportion system affiliated (%)╠ 0.64 0.48 0.57 0.50 0.67 0.47 0.000***
 Proportion teaching hospital (%)╠ 0.17 0.38 0.31 0.46 0.12 0.32 0.000***
 Proportion not-for-profit hospital (%)╠ 0.55 0.50 0.37 0.48 0.62 0.48 0.000***
 Proportion for-profit hospital (%)╠ 0.25 0.43 0.30 0.46 0.23 0.42 0.001**
 Proportion county hospital (%)╠ 0.07 0.25 0.21 0.41 0.01 0.07 0.000***
 Proportion district hospital (%)╠ 0.13 0.34 0.12 0.33 0.14 0.34 0.245
N (Study Hospital Observations, 1996-2003) 2,287 675 1,653
1

Note: DSH hospitals are defined as those hospitals that received Medicaid DSH payments.

2

Net Medicaid DSH payments (scaled) equals Medicaid DSH payments less IGTs divided by hospital average charges per admission and then divided by hospital beds. Similarly, other governmental support (scaled) equals the sum of other financial supports received by the hospital divided by hospital average charges per admission and then divided by hospital beds. This adjustment was used so that the Medicaid DSH and other governmental support data are scaled in a similar manner to the uncompensated care data.

3

P-value presented here is to compare DSH and non-DSH hospitals for explanatory variables. T-test was used to compare DSH and nonDSH hospitals when explanatory variable is continuous variable; Chi-square test was used for categorical variables with superscript ╠.

***

p<0.01

**

p<0.05

*

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