Table 1. Results comparing hospital onset with community onset cases.
| Hospital associated (%)(N = 53) | Community associated (%) (N = 22) | Total (%)(N = 75) | p- values | ||
| Age (yrs) | <2 years | 16 (30.2) | 20 (90) | 36 (48) | 0.0001 |
| 2–5 years | 26 (49) | 1 (4.5) | 27 (36) | ||
| >6 years | 11 (20.7) | 1 (4.5) | 12 (16) | ||
| Gender | Male | 25 (47.2%) | 12 (54.5%) | 37 (49.4%) | |
| Year | 2005 | 14 | 13 | 27 | |
| 2006 | 11 | 4 | 15 | ||
| 2007 | 15 | 5 | 20 | ||
| 2008 | 9 | 0 | 9 | ||
| 2009 | 4 | 0 | 4 | ||
| Co-morbidities * | Cardiovascular | 3 (5.7) | 0 | 3 (4) | |
| Neuromuscular | 3 (5.7) | 1 (4.5) | 4 (5.3) | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 3 (5.6) | 5 (22.7) | 8 (10.7) | <0.0001 | |
| Haematology + immunosuppression | 11 (20.7) | 1 (4.5) | 12 (16) | 0.0001 | |
| Malignancy (solid organ) | 20 (37.7) | 0 | 20 (26.7) | 0.0001 | |
| Renal+Metabolic | 3 (5.6) | 0 | 3 (4) | ||
| Cows milk allergy | 1 (1.8) | 6 (11.3) | 7 (9.3) | <0.0001 | |
| Respiratory | 1 (1.8) | 1 (4.5) | 2 (2.7) | ||
| Others | 7 (13) | 3 (13.6) | 10 (13.3) | ||
| Antibiotic history | Penicillins (Amoxicillin & Co-amoxiclav) | 5 (9.4) | 5 (22) | 10 (13.4) | |
| Cephalosporins | 27 (50.9) | 3 (13.6) | 30 (40) | ||
| Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin) | 19 (35.8) | 0 | 19 (25) | ||
| Others | 5 (9.4) | 2 (9) | 7 (9.3) | ||
| No antibiotics | 7 (13.2) | 13 (59) | 20 (26.7) | ||
| Co-infections | Bacterial | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Viral | 6 (11.3) | 3 (13.6) | 9 (12) | ||
| Other risk factors | Intensive Care stay | 12 (22.6) | 0 | 12 (16) | |
| Surgery** | 14 (26.4) | 4 (18) | 18 (24) | ||
| Severity score *** | Mild | 7 (13.2) | 2 (9) | 9 (12) | |
| Moderate | 6 (11.3) | 2 (9) | 8 (10.7) | ||
| Severe | 39 (73.6) | 18 (81.8) | 57 (76) | ||
| Life threatening | 1 (1.9) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Treatment | Not required | 27 (51) | 13 (59) | 40 (53.4) | |
| Metronidazole | 22 (41.5) | 8 (36.4) | 30 (40) | ||
| Escalation of treatment to Vancomycin | 3 (5.7) | 0 | 3 (4) | ||
| Probiotics | 1 (1.9) | 1 (4.5) | 2 (2.7) | ||
| Outcome | Alive at 3 months | 45 (81) | 19 (81.8) | 64 (81.4) | |
| ICU requirement | 2 (2.8) | 0 | 2 (2.7) | ||
| Colectomy | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 1 (1.3) | ||
| Crude mortality | 2 (3.8) | 2 (9) | 4 (5.4) | ||
| Missing notes | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Transferred | 3 | 1 | 4 (5.4) | ||
*
Note some patients had more than one risk factor.
**
Of the 18 surgeries 9 were gastrointestinal surgeries (Resection of abdominal mass, appendicectomy).
***
Severity scoring criteria as recommended by Department of Health and Health Protection Agency.