Table 1.

Completed Clinical Trials Evaluating Mucin Vaccines in PC Patients

Year	Phase	Mucin Formulation	Adjuvant	Major Outcomes	References
1996	I	MUC1 105 AA	BCG	Vaccine well tolerated No partial/complete response	Goydos et al. [39]
2002	II	Adoptive transfer of autologous DCs transfected with MUC1		Vaccine well tolerated PC patients presented higher frequencies of IFNγ-secreting CD8+ T cells compared to other patients after immunization Nine out of 10 patients presented progressive disease	Pecher et al. [45]
2005	I	MUC1 100 AA	SB-AS2	Vaccine well tolerated even at 3000 μg MUC1 peptide dose	Ramanathan et al. [41]
2005	I	MUC1 100 AA	Incomplete Freund's	Seven out of eight patients had progressive disease	Yamamoto et al. [43]
2007	I	Vaccinia and Fowlpox viral vectors expressing CEA and MUC1	TRICOM™ + GM-CSF	Antigen-specific T cell immune responses	Kaufman et al. [86]
2008	I/II	Adoptive transfer of MUCl-peptide pulsed DCs		No increase in anti-MUCl antibodies High non-specific T cell activation	Lepisto et al. [40]
2008	I	Adoptive transfer of in vitro activated CTLs with MUC1-expressing cell line		Vaccine well tolerated No improvement in survival	Kawaoka et al. [46, 47]
2008	I	Adoptive transfer of MUC1 peptide pulsed DCs + activated CTLs		Vaccine well tolerated Mean survival of 9.8 months Five patients presented stable disease	Kondo et al. [48]

MUC1, Mucinl; AA, amino acid; DCs, dendritic cells; IFNγ, Interferon gamma; BCG, Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin; SB-AS2, adjuvant composed of monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21; CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen; TRICOM^™, formulation including the costimulatory molecules B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes