Table 3.
Factors predicting publication
| Parameters | No. of studies published | No. of studies not published | Publication Rate (% submitteda) | Univ. reg. OR, 95% CI (P) | Multiv. reg. OR, 95% CI (P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of research | |||||
| Clinical | 251 | 648 | 27.9 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Basic | 42 | 61 | 40.8 | 1.72, 1.13–2.61 (0.012) | 2.11, 1.34–3.34 (0.001) |
| Type of institution | |||||
| Not university-affiliated | 43 | 149 | 22.4 | Ref. | Ref. |
| University-affiliated | 250 | 560 | 30.9 | 1.53, 1.06–2.22 (0.025) | 1.62, 1.09–2.43 (0.018) |
| Study design (clinical) | (0.014) | (0.279) | |||
| Restrospective | 124 | 370 | 25.1 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Prospective non-RCT | 90 | 200 | 31.0 | 1.32, 0.96–1.82 (0.090) | 1.44, 1.03–2.02 (0.032) |
| RCT | 22 | 43 | 33.8 | 1.53, 0.88–2.65 (0.133) | 1.48, 0.84–2.61 (0.181) |
| Meta-Analysis | 4 | 2 | 66.7 | 5.97, 1.08–32.98 (0.041) | 0.0 (1.000) |
| Systematic Review | 0 | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 (1.000) | 0.0 (1.000) |
| Other | 11 | 31 | 26.2 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Number of patients (clin.)b | |||||
| <100 | 120 | 318 | 27.4 | Ref. | |
| ≥100 | 117 | 298 | 28.2 | 1.08, 0.80–1.46 (0.068) | |
| Study field (clinical) | (0.228) | ||||
| Cardiac imaging, computational, acute cardiac care | 32 | 71 | 31.1 | Ref. | |
| Rhythmology | 30 | 97 | 23.6 | 0.71, 0.41–1.25 (0.236) | |
| Heart failure, left ventricular function, valvular disease, pulmonary circulation | 40 | 112 | 26.3 | 0.86, 0.51–1.47 (0.588) | |
| Coronary artery disease, ischaemia | 39 | 93 | 29.5 | 0.94, 0.55–1.61 (0.821) | |
| Interventional cardiology, peripheral circulation, stroke | 27 | 67 | 28.7 | 0.86, 0.47–1.55 (0.610) | |
| Exercise, prevention, epidemiology, pharmacology, nursing | 36 | 110 | 24.7 | 0.76, 0.44–1.32 (0.328) | |
| Hypertension, myocardial and pericardial disease, cardiovascular surgery | 29 | 66 | 30.5 | 1.12, 0.68–2.12 (0.533) | |
| Other | 18 | 32 | 36.0 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Gender first authorc | |||||
| Male | 217 | 506 | 30.0 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 71 | 190 | 27.2 | 0.88, 0.63–1.18 (0.352) | 0.94, 0.67–1.32 (0.723) |
| Gender last authord | |||||
| Male | 259 | 583 | 30.8 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 25 | 106 | 19.1 | 0.54, 0.34–0.85 (0.008) | 0.52, 0.32–0.85 (0.010) |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; RCT, randomized controlled trial; ref., reference variable for odds ratio calculation; n.a., not applicable. Analyses performed on representative 10% selection (n = 1002), margin of error < 0.01. Backward conditional variable exclusion, c-statistic = 0.757.
Bold value indicates statistically significant findings.
aPercent submitted refers to submissions to the ESC Congress.
bIn 46 clinical studies, no information on the number of patients was provided.
cIn 18 studies, no gender for the first author could be identified.
dIn 29 studies, no gender for the last author could be identified.