Table 1.

Markers Utilized to Characterize Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells^1–20

Marker	Gene Symbol	Marker Specification	Assay Technique	References
Cd18 antigen (Integrin beta-2)	Cd18	Leukocyte adhesion molecule	FCA	21, 22
Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen Cd34	Cd34	Hematopoietic and vascular stem cell marker	FCA	23–25
Cd44 antigen (Indian blood group)	Cd44	Hyaluronic acid receptor; T lymphocyte and mesenchymal stem cell marker	FCA, RT-qPCR	26–28
Cd90.2 antigen (Thy-1 cell surface antigen, allele 2)	Cd90.2	Fibroblast, epithelial cell, thymocyte, epithelial T lymphocyte, mesenchymal stem cell, and neuron marker in mice	FCA, RT-qPCR	29–33
Cd133 antigen (Prominin-1)	Cd133	Neural, endothelial, epithelial, and pericyte stem cell marker	FCA, RT-qPCR	34–36
Endomucin	Emcn	Vascular endothelial marker	RT-qPCR	37–40
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 (Nucleostemin)	Gnl3	General stem cell marker; detected in bone marrow stroma, thyroid side population, and tendon stem cells	RT-qPCR	41–43
Musashi-1	Msi1	Muscle, neural, and pericyte stem cell marker	RT-qPCR	36, 43–45
Stem cell antigen-1	Sca1	General stem cell marker	FCA	46–49
Scleraxis	Scx	Tendon marker	RT-qPCR	50, 51
Tenomodulin	Tnmd	Tendon marker	RT-qPCR	37, 51

FCA, flow cytometric analysis; RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.