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. 2012 Dec 20;7(12):e51000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051000

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© 2012 Takizawa et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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This module expresses the activation mechanism of PKA with cAMP. The PKA complex (R2C2) consists of two catalytic units and regulatory (inhibitory) units. External stimuli increase cAMP and four cAMP bind to R2C2. The R2C2-cAMP4 complex releases two catalytic units (PKA-active).