Table 1.
A summary of characteristics of included studies
| Author | Method | Participants and settings | Interventions/control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kreiss 1992
[15] |
Unblinded RCT |
138 female sex workers Nairobi, Kenya |
1000 mg N-9 sponge/placebo |
| Richardson 2001
[19] |
Double blind RCT |
278 female sex workers, Mombasa, Kenya |
52.5 mg N-9 gel/placebo |
| Roddy 1998
[17] |
Double blind RCT |
1292 female sex workers, Cameroon |
70 mg N-9 film/placebo |
| Roddy 2002
[16] |
Unblinded RCT |
1251 women (non sex workers) from clinics or pharmacy, Cameroon |
100 mg N-9 gel/No intervention |
| Van Damme 2002
[18] |
Triple blind RCT |
892 women sex workers from Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, South Africa, Thailand |
52.5 mg N-9/placebo |
| Halpern 2008
[21] |
Double blind RCT |
1644 women from bars, market, other common gathering areas, Lagos and Port Harcourt, Nigeria |
6% CS gel/placebo |
| Van Damme 2008
[24] |
Double blind RCT |
1428 women, South Africa, Uganda, Benin and India (Chennai, Bangalore) |
6% CS gel/placebo |
| Felblum 2008
[20] |
Double blind RCT |
2153 women from local market areas, bars hostels, military barracks and colleges, Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria |
1.0% C31G (SAVVY) gel/placebo |
| Peterson 2007
[23] |
Double blind RCT |
2142 women from high HIV transmission areas including markets, bars, hotels, Accra and Kumasi, Ghana |
1% C31G (SAVVY) gel/placebo |
| Skoler-Karpoff 2008
[27] |
Double blind RCT |
6,202 women from local health clinics, malls, churches, taxi ranks, other community venues, University of Cape Town, University of Limpopo-Medunsa campus Ga-Rankuwa and Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa |
Carraguard gel/placebo |
| Abdul Karim 2011
[26] |
RCT Double blind |
3101 women in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia , Zimbawe, USA |
BufferGel/ 0.5% PRO2000/placebo |
| McCormack 2010
[22] |
RCT Double blind |
6,651 women, three sites in South Africa; Mwanza, Tanzania; Entebbe, Uganda; Mazambuka, Zambia |
0.5% PRO2000 gel/placebo |
| Abdul Karim 2010 [25] | RCT Double blind | 1085 at urban and rural clinic, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa | 1% tenofovir gel/placebo |
CS, cellulose sulphate; N-9, nonoxynol-9; RCT, randomised controlled trials; USA, United States of America.