Figure 7. PMA induced activation of MAPK kinase pathway.

Cells were treated with PMA (0.1 µM), butyrate (2 mM) or both of them for 30 min and total proteins were Western blotted for pp38, pERK1/2 and pJNK. A synergistic effect following PMA/Butyrate co-stimulation is observed in the case of ERK. Western blot of β-actin (lower panel) was shown as loading control. Data are representative of three independent experiments.