Table 4. Total Stigma Scores and Subscale Scores by Male Gender and Ethnicity.

Men	White n = 584	Black or African n = 86	Aboriginal n = 52	Other n = 137	p-value
Personalized (Enacted) Stigma	9 (7–13)	11 (8–15)	12 (8–15)	10.7 (8–15)	<.0001
Disclosure Concerns	14 (11–17)	16 (12–18)	15 (11–18)	15 (12–18)	<.01
Concern with Public Attitudes	12 (10–14)	14.3 (12–16)	12.5 (10–15)	13.3 (11–16)	<.0001
Negative Self Image	10 (8–14)	11 (8–16)	10 (8.5–14.5)	11 (8–15)	<.01
Total	46 (38–54)	53.5 (42–62)	51 (40–57)	51.7 (42–60)	<.0001

Footnote. Each subscale score is calculated by adding up the score from the relevant question, with a score range of 5 – 20. The total stigma score is calculated by adding up the subscale scores, with a score range of 16 – 80. Higher scores indicate a higher degree of HIV-related stigma.