Table 5. Univariate and Multivariable Linear Regression Models with Outcomes of Total Stigma Scores.
| Univariate | Multivariable (n = 970) | |||
| Estimate | P value | Estimate | P value | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Reference | |||
| Female | 8.05 | <.0001 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | Reference | |||
| Black or African | 8.65 | <.0001 | ||
| Aboriginal/Asian, Latin-American/Unspecified | 4.15 | <.0001 | ||
| Gender * Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black or African Male | 6.19 | <.0001 | 2.76 | 0.06 |
| Aboriginal/Asian, Latin- American/Unspecified Ethnicity Male | 4.19 | <.0001 | 2.83 | <.01 |
| White Female | 6.18 | <.001 | 1.63 | 0.37 |
| Black or African Female | 12.27 | <.0001 | 5.93 | <.001 |
| Aboriginal/Asian, Latin-American/Unspecified Ethnicity Female | 8.40 | <.001 | 1.83 | 0.45 |
| Age (per 10 years) | −2.86 | <.0001 | −1.42 | <.001 |
| Risk Factor (not mutually exclusive) | ||||
| MSM | −7.97 | <.0001 | ||
| IDU | 0.93 | 0.54 | ||
| Heterosexual contact | 8.30 | <.0001 | ||
| Other* | 4.17 | <.01 | 3.08 | 0.02 |
| Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual | −7.89 | <.0001 | −4.06 | <.0001 |
| Country of Origin | ||||
| Canada | Reference | |||
| Endemic | 9.09 | <.0001 | ||
| Non-Endemic | 3.38 | <.001 | ||
| Immigrant Status | ||||
| Canadian-Born | Reference | |||
| Canadian Citizen | 5.35 | <.0001 | ||
| Landed/Permanent Resident | 7.81 | <.0001 | ||
| Other | 9.12 | <.0001 | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Toronto | Reference | |||
| Other GTA/Ontario | 2.46 | .01 | 2.57 | <.01 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than High School | Reference | |||
| Complete HS | −2.59 | 0.06 | −2.94 | 0.02 |
| College or University | −3.76 | <.01 | −3.46 | <.01 |
| Employment Status | ||||
| Full/Part Time | Reference | |||
| Student/Retired/Disability | −0.16 | 0.84 | ||
| Unemployed | 2.81 | 0.05 | ||
| Room/Housing Facility/Homeless | 0.08 | 0.97 | ||
| Personal Income < $20,000 per year | 2.29 | <.01 | ||
| Alcohol/Drug Use | ||||
| Alcohol Frequency | ||||
| Never or Less than Monthly | Reference | |||
| More than Monthly | −3.06 | <.0001 | −1.49 | 0.04 |
| Any cannabis use in last 6 months | −2.25 | <.01 | ||
| Any non-medicinal drugs in last 6 months | −2.29 | .02 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Years since HIV diagnosis | −3.95 | <.0001 | −1.94 | <.01 |
| CD4 cell count (per 100 cells/mm3) | −0.21 | 0.13 | ||
| Undetectable Viral Load | −1.04 | 0.24 | ||
| Any AIDS defining condition | −0.21 | 0.79 | ||
| Hepatitis B | −0.91 | 0.46 | ||
| Hepatitis C | −0.83 | 0.60 | ||
| ARV/Adherence | ||||
| Not on ARV | Reference | |||
| No missed doses in 4 days | −1.81 | 0.10 | ||
| Missed dose in last 4 days | −0.21 | 0.89 | ||
Footnote. MSM = men who have sex with men, IDU = injection drug use, HS = high school, GTA = Greater Toronto Area, ARV = antiretroviral. *Other Risk Factors = contaminated blood contact or unspecified risk.