Figure 1. Schematic outline of experimental procedure.

(1) Adult honeybees originated from a single hive with a naturally mated queen. (2) Separate cohorts of ‘house’ and ‘forager’ bees were collected and checked for signs of infection by naturally occurring pathogens. (3) Groups of bees from each cohort were infected with Metarhizium anisopliae, or mock infected. (4) Groups of infected and control bees were split into those destined for bioassay or microarray. (5) Bioassay bees were censused twice daily; at 48 hrs p.i., bees destined for microarray analysis were sacrificed. (6) Bioassays were maintained until all infected bees died, at which point control bioassays were censored.