Table 1.
General attributes and tree stand structural characteristics of three forest-use types. Mean and standard error, n = 15 plots per forest-use type. Differing small letters indicate statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the Mann–Whitney test.
| Old-growth forest | Forest degraded by logging | Regrowth forest | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | |
| Study area (ha) within 2200–2400 m asl | 915 | 279 | 212 |
| Altitude of study plots (masl) | 2373 ± 20 | 2350 ± 34 | 2293 ± 40 |
| Distance from the nearest community (km) | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
| Slope (%) | 35 ± 2.6 | 18 ± 2.7 | 26 ± 2.8 |
| Northern aspect (%) | 40 | 47 | 60 |
| Total number of tree species (≥ 10 cm dbh) | 15 | 6 | 12 |
| Stem density (≥ 10 cm dbh) (n ha-1) | 610 ± 34 b | 183 ± 29 c | 750 ± 53 a |
| Basal area (m2 ha-1) | 48 ± 2 a | 12 ± 1 c | 20 ± 1 b |
| Tree canopy cover (%) | 76 ± 4 a | 46 ± 3 c | 56 ± 4 b |
| Tree species richness (no per 400 m2) | 3.1 ± 0.3 a | 1.9 ± 0.2 b | 2.9 ± 0.4 a |
| Leaf area index (LAI) | 4.7 ± 0.4 a | 1.8 ± 0.3 c | 3.0 ± 0.2 b |
| Shannon index, trees (H/) | 0.94 ± 0.1 a | 0.49 ± 0.1 b | 0.74 ± 0.1 ab |
| Litter thickness (cm) | 3.4 ± 0.4 a | 1.3 ± 0.2 c | 2.1 ± 0.2 b |
| Litter cover (%) | 89 ± 2 a | 44 ± 5 c | 74 ± 3 b |