Fig. 1.

UTI attenuates LPS-induced TNF-α (A) and IL-6 (B) expression in human neutrophils. Neutrophils (5 × 10⁶/ml) were incubated for 4 hours with varying concentrations of UTI (1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 U/ml) or LPS (100 ng/ml) alone or LPS plus UTI. Unstimulated neutrophils, exposed to neither UTI nor LPS, were also included (CON). Protein results were obtained from ELISA. A representative experiment, in which each condition was examined in triplicate is shown. Two additional experiments provided similar results. Each bar represents mean ± SD. CON: control, UTI: urinary trypsin inhibitor, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6: interleukin-6, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ^*P < 0.05 versus CON. ^†P < 0.05 versus LPS alone.