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Contribution to energy flows into the Earth system by black carbon emissions from household kerosene lamps. The distribution of aerosol forcing depends on the region of emission, so regional averages are used to convey the location of forcing impact. Energy values can be summed and divided by the area of the Earth to obtain the traditional measure of forcing given in W/m2. Negative forcing by organic carbon is not shown, but offsets less than 0.5% of the positive forcing by BC.
