Table 1.
Laboratory and field-based BC, OC, PM2.5, CO emission factors, and particle optical characteristics for simple wick kerosene lamps
| Sample | Emission Factors | Optical Properties‡ | Burn Rate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| N | n | g/kg-fuel | m2/g | m2/g | g-fuel/hour | |||||
|
| ||||||||||
| BC | OC | PM2.5† | CO | MAC | MSC | SSA | ||||
| Lab | ||||||||||
| Low Wick (Baseline) | 3 | 9 | 76 (15) | 5 (4) | 81 (15) | 16 (1) | 7.0 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.5) | 0.27 (0.01) | 6 (2)* |
| High Wick | 1 | 3 | 100 (4) | 3 (3) | 95 (12) | 21 (1) | 7.1 (0.1) | 3.1 (0.4) | 0.29 (<0.01) | 12 (0.4) |
| Rope Wick | 1 | 3 | 79 (6) | 3 (4) | 70 (8) | 16 (1) | 7.0 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.5) | 0.27 (<0.01) | 6 (0.3) |
| Uganda Kerosene | 1 | 3 | 91 (2) | 2 (1) | 124 (7) | 16 (1) | 7.1 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.1) | 0.29 (<0.01) | 7 (0.2) |
| Field | ||||||||||
| Typical | 3 | 7 | 90 (17) | 0.4 (0.8) | 93 (23) | 11(2) | 11.1 (1.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 0.17 (0.01) | 7 (2)* |
Numbers in parentheses represent one standard deviation
N = devices tested, n = measurement events,
Baseline settings are low wick (1–1.5mm), 1-K USA kerosene, and cloth (cotton) wick
*
n = 8 (Lab), n = 6 (Field)
†
Field results represent total suspended particles (TSP)
‡
MAC – mass absorption cross section (530 nm), MSC- mass scattering cross section, SSA – single scattering albedo. MSC and SSA were calculated at 530nm for laboratory tests and 660nm for field tests.