Table 1.
Mothers with a high body mass index and risk of their children developing adult obesity
| Study (#, first author) (n = 17) | Type of study (P, R) | Country | Total sample n (%male) | Maternal BMI measure | Analysis/ results | ± (f/m)* | P value | If data adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (4) Al-Isa | R | Kuwait | 842 (46%) | Participants reported mother obese | OR 1.88 | + (f) | <0.001 | |
| (CI – 1.28, 2.76) | ||||||||
| Class 1 obesity | ||||||||
| OR 2.71 | ||||||||
| (CI – 1.50, 4.90) | ||||||||
| Class 2 obesity | ||||||||
| (5) Al-Isa | R | Kuwait | 426 (0%) | Participants reported mother obese | Regression | + (f) | <0.001 | Adjusted |
| (7) Amine | R | United Arab Emirates | 206 (0%) | Participants | Descriptive (Chi Sq) | + (f) | <0.01 | |
| Reported mother obese | ||||||||
| (53) Karmaus | R | USA | 151 (0%) | Mother's BMI | Correlation | + (f) | NR | Adjusted |
| (62) Laitinen | P | Finland | 6,280 (46%) | Mother's prepregnancy BMI | ancova | + (f/m) | <0.001 | Adjusted |
| (72) Magarey | P | Australia | 155 (57%) | Mother obese (vs. normal wt) | RR 2.3 | + (f/m) | <0.001 | Adjusted |
| (97) Ros | P | Sweden | 624 (0%) | Mother's Prepregnancy BMI | Correlation | + (f) | <0.001 | Adjusted |
| (104) Schack- Nielsen | P | Denmark | 1,660 (NR) | Mother's BMI | Correlation | + (f/m) | NR | Adjusted |
| (112) Stettler | P | USA | 300 (54%) | Mother's prepregnancy BMI | OR 1.20 | + (f/m) | <0.05 | Adjusted |
| (CI – 1.04, 1.39) | ||||||||
| (115) Stettler | P | USA | 447 (51%) | Mother's prepregnancy body fat | OR 1.15 | + (f/m) | <0.001 | Adjusted |
| (CI – 1.06, 1.25) per unit increase in body fat† | ||||||||
| (116) Stuebe | R | USA | 25,506 (0%) | Participants reported mother obese | OR 5.99† (CI – 4.69, 7.66) | + (f) | NR | Adjusted |
| (119) Terry | P | USA | 262 (0%) | Maternal prepregnancy BMI | Regression | + (f) | <0.01 | Adjusted |
| (120) Thomas | R | UK | 9,019 (NR) | Maternal prepregnancy BMI | anova | + (f/m) | <0.001 | |
| (122) Verdy | R | Canada | 734 (NR) | Mother's self- report adult BMI | Chi Sq | + (fm) | <0.01 | |
| (127) Whitaker | R | USA | 854 (36%) | Maternal BMI >27.3 when child 1–5 years old | OR 3.6 | + (fm) | NR | Adjusted |
| (CI – 2.1, 5.9) | ||||||||
| when child 1–2 years old | ||||||||
| OR 3.6 | ||||||||
| (CI – 2.2, 5.7) | ||||||||
| when child 3–5 years old | ||||||||
| (128) Williams | P | New Zealand | 925 (50%) | Mother's self- report (child 11 years) | Correlation | + (f/m) | <0.05 | |
| (134) Zadik | P | Israel | 1,960 (49%) | Mother's BMI | Correlation | + (f/m) | <0.001 |
*
(f/m) = females/males. Results are shown for adult female offspring (f), adult male offspring (m) or both (f/m).
†
For this study (115), the early marker was evaluated with adult adiposity (not body mass index [BMI]), with excess body fat defined as >85th percentile for the sum of two skinfolds (triceps and subscapula).
†
If mothers recalled prepregnancy, BMI was 29 (highest category specified).
anova, analysis of variance; CI, confidence interval; NR, not reported; OR, odds ratio; P, prospective study; R, retrospective study.