2a.
Rapid early growth in childhood and risk of developing adult obesity
| Study (#, first author) (n = 9) | Type of study (P, R) | Country | Total sample n (% male) | Rapid early growth | Analysis/results | ± (f/m)* | P value | If data adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (23) Corvalan | P | Guatemala | 710 (50%) | BMI Δ | Regression | + (f/m) | <0.05 | Adjusted |
| 0–1 year | (f/m) | NSD | ||||||
| 1–3 years | + (f/m) | <0.01 | ||||||
| 3–7 years | ||||||||
| (37) Gasser | P | Europe | 232 (52%) | wt gain | Correlation | + (f/m) | <0.01 | |
| 0–1 years | ||||||||
| (58) Kubo | P | Japan | 244 (0%) | BMI Δ | Correlation | + (f) | <0.05 | |
| 0–1 years | (f) | NSD | ||||||
| 1–5 years | ||||||||
| (65) Leunissen | R | Netherlands | 312 (39%) | SGA and catch-up growth | ancova† | + (f/m) | <0.05 | Adjusted |
| (76) McCarthy | P | UK | 679 (54%) | Growth velocity | Linear regression models | Adjusted | ||
| 0–5 months | + (f/m) | <0.05 | ||||||
| 5 months–2 years | (f/m) | NSD | ||||||
| + (f/m) | <0.001 | |||||||
| 2–5 years | ||||||||
| (109) Slining | P | Philippines | 1,778 (NR)d | Rapid growth 0–2 years | Logistic regression | + (f/m) | NR | Adjusted |
| (112) Stettler | P | USA | 300 (54%) | Rapid growth 0–4 months | OR 6.72 | + (f/m) | <0.01 | Adjusted |
| (CI – 1.93, 23.4) | ||||||||
| both adult BMI and body fat considered | ||||||||
| (113) Stettler | P | USA | 653 (52%) | Early wt gain | Adjusted | |||
| at 8 d | OR 1.28 | + (f/m) | <0.01 | |||||
| (CI – 1.08, 1.52) | ||||||||
| at 112 d | OR 1.04 | + (f/m) | <0.01 | |||||
| (CI – 1.01, 1.08) | ||||||||
| (119) Terry | P | USA | 261 (0%) | Rapid growth 1–7 years | Predictor of adult BMI @ 20 and 40 years | + (f) | Adjusted |
*
(f/m) = females/males. Results are shown for adult female offspring (f), adult male offspring (m), or both (f/m).
†
For this study (65), the early marker was evaluated with adult fat mass (not body mass index [BMI]), with body fat measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Definitions: Δ, delta or change; ancova, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval, NR, not reported; NSD, no significant difference. No association; OR, odds ratio; P, prospective study; PAR, population attributable risk; R, retrospective study; SGA, small for gestational age.