Table 1.
Patient characteristics n (%)
| Variables | Patient |
| Gender | |
| Male | 54 (60) |
| Female | 36 (40) |
| Age | |
| ≤ 60 yr | 50 (55.6) |
| > 60 yr | 40 (44.4) |
| Primary surgery | |
| Anterior resection | 54 (60) |
| Abdominoperineal resection | 32 (35.6) |
| Hartmann | 2 (2.2) |
| Local excision | 2 (2.2) |
| Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for primary tumor | |
| Yes | 18 (20) |
| No | 72 (80) |
| Primary tumor stage | |
| I | 6 (6.6) |
| IIA | 8 (8.8) |
| IIB | 11 (12.2) |
| IIIA | 10 (11.1) |
| IIIB | 20 (22.2) |
| IIIC | 26 (28.8) |
| Unknown | 9 (10) |
| Serum CEA1 | |
| ≤ 5 ng/mL | 27 (30) |
| > 5 ng/mL | 48 (53.3) |
| Unknown | 15 (16.7) |
| Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for recurrent tumor2 | |
| Yes | 10 (24.4) |
| No | 31 (75.6) |
| Surgery for recurrent tumor | 41 (45.6) |
| Anterior resection | 2 (4.9) |
| Abdominoperineal resection | 30 (73.2) |
| Combined organ excision3 | 5 (12.2) |
| Total pelvic exenteration | 4 (9.8) |
| Conservative therapy | 49 (54.4) |
| Resection status | |
| R0 | 36 (40) |
| R1-2 | 5 (5.5) |
1
The serum CEA level after recurrence;
2
For the patients who underwent surgery;
3
Including excision of uterus, vagina, seminal vesicle, prostate, and sacrum. CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.