Table 1.
Distribution of clinical characteristics among children with a clinical diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including Burkitt’s lymphoma) from the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda
| Children with a clinical diagnosis enrolled in the study | Children with complete diagnostic informationa | Fisher’s Exact test for the difference between the 314 and 118 childrenb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
|
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| Children, n (%) | NHL | Other cancer | NCCC | P valuee (χ2 test) | Children, n (%) | NHL | Other cancer | NCCC | P valuee (χ2 test) | P value | |
| Total | 314 (100) | 133 | 51 | 130 | – | 118 (100) | 60 | 12 | 46 | – | |
| Gender | 0.653 | ||||||||||
| Male | 199 (64) | 85 | 34 | 80 | – | 78 (66) | 39 | 11 | 28 | – | |
| Female | 115 (37) | 48 | 17 | 50 | 40 (34) | 21 | 1 | 18 | |||
| HIV status | 0.605 | 0.023 | 0.060 | ||||||||
| Positive | 13 (4) | 7 | 1 | 5 | 11 (9) | 6 | 1 | 4 | |||
| Negative | 282 (90) | 118 | 45 | 119 | 104 (88) | 54 | 9 | 41 | |||
| Missing | 19 (6) | 8 | 5 | 6 | 3 (3) | 0 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Malariac | 0.106 | 0.239 | 1.000 | ||||||||
| Yes | 140 (45) | 69 | 19 | 52 | 64 (54) | 37 | 5 | 22 | |||
| No | 2 (0) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Missing | 172 (55) | 64 | 32 | 76 | 54 (46) | 23 | 7 | 24 | |||
| Fever | 0.002 | 0.087 | 0.175 | ||||||||
| Yes | 188 (60) | 92 | 22 | 74 | 92 (78) | 51 | 11 | 30 | |||
| No | 61 (19) | 23 | 9 | 29 | 20 (17) | 6 | 1 | 13 | |||
| Missing | 65 (21) | 18 | 20 | 27 | 6 (5) | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||
| Night sweats | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.228 | ||||||||
| Yes | 161 (51) | 88 | 23 | 50 | 80 (68) | 49 | 10 | 21 | |||
| No | 88 (28) | 27 | 8 | 53 | 32 (27) | 8 | 2 | 22 | |||
| Missing | 65 (21) | 18 | 20 | 27 | 6(5) | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||
| Weight loss | 0.003 | 0.358 | 0.357 | ||||||||
| Yes | 139 (44) | 68 | 17 | 54 | 69 (59) | 38 | 9 | 22 | |||
| No | 110 (35) | 47 | 14 | 49 | 43 (36) | 19 | 3 | 21 | |||
| Missing | 65 (21) | 18 | 20 | 27 | 6 (5) | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||
| Gland swelling | 0.025 | 0.502 | 0.617 | ||||||||
| Yes | 32 (10) | 13 | 3 | 16 | 17 (14) | 6 | 3 | 8 | |||
| No | 210 (67) | 97 | 28 | 85 | 91 (77) | 48 | 9 | 34 | |||
| Missing | 72 (23) | 23 | 20 | 29 | 10 (9) | 6 | 0 | 4 | |||
| Halitosis | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.896 | ||||||||
| Yes | 62 (20) | 43 | 4 | 15 | 27 (23) | 23 | 0 | 4 | |||
| No | 186 (59) | 72 | 27 | 87 | 85 (72) | 34 | 12 | 39 | |||
| Missing | 66 (21) | 18 | 20 | 28 | 6 (5) | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||
| Facial tumor | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Yes | 128 (41) | 82 | 11 | 35 | 49 (42) | 38 | 2 | 9 | 0.913 | ||
| Nod | 186 (59) | 51 | 40 | 95 | 69 (58) | 22 | 10 | 37 | |||
Notes:
Complete diagnostic information includes clinical diagnosis, pathological diagnosis assigned in Uganda, and pathological diagnosis assigned in The Netherlands;
Fisher’s Exact test calculated considering the information without missing values;
most children had a malaria smear at enrollment. A positive smear meant the child had the malaria parasite only; a positive smear with fever meant the child had acute malaria;
children with missing information on facial tumor were considered as not having a facial tumor.
Chi-square test for the association between child symptoms and clinical diagnosis.
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NCCC, noncancerous chronic condition.