Table 2.
Sixth-grade protective factors predicting seventh-grade substance use and delinquent behavior outcomes
| Protective factors | Past 30-day tobacco use in 7th grade |
Past 30-day alcohol use in 7th grade |
Binge drinking in past 2 weeks in 7th grade |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage reporting |
Odds ratio |
Percentage reporting |
Odds ratio |
Percentage reporting |
Odds ratio |
||||
| High protection in 6th grade |
Low protection in 6th grade |
High protection in 6th grade |
Low protection in 6th grade |
High protection in 6th grade |
Low protection in 6th grade |
||||
| Community domain | |||||||||
| Community opportunities for prosocial involvement |
2.1 | 3.6 | 1.73 | 7.1 | 14.3 | 2.20 | 2.8 | 6.2 | 2.34 |
| Community rewards for prosocial involvement |
1.6 | 4.3 | 2.76 | 7.4 | 14.2 | 2.08 | 2.7 | 6.3 | 2.38 |
| Family domain | |||||||||
| Family attachment | 2.0 | 4.5 | 2.37 | 8.3 | 14.7 | 1.91 | 3.4 | 6.1 | 1.83 |
| Family opportunities for prosocial involvement |
2.0 | 4.6 | 2.40 | 8.1 | 15.8 | 2.14 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 2.09 |
| Family rewards for prosocial involvement |
2.1 | 3.9 | 1.86 | 7.3 | 15.3 | 2.31 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 2.01 |
| School domain | |||||||||
| School opportunities for prosocial involvement |
2.8 | 3.2 | 1.14 | 9.6 | 12.5 | 1.34 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 1.32 |
| School rewards for prosocial involvement |
2.2 | 4.5 | 2.14 | 8.3 | 15.6 | 2.05 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 1.78 |
| Peer/individual domain | |||||||||
| Social skills | 0.9 | 5.2 | 5.77 | 5.4 | 17.0 | 3.61 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 4.88 |
| Belief in moral order | 1.2 | 6.5 | 5.78 | 7.0 | 18.2 | 2.98 | 2.0 | 9.2 | 4.92 |
| Interaction with prosocial peers | 1.3 | 4.6 | 3.65 | 7.6 | 13.8 | 1.94 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 2.55 |
| Prosocial involvement | 1.2 | 4.3 | 3.68 | 8.5 | 12.6 | 1.55 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 2.00 |
| Rewards for prosocial involvement |
1.8 | 4.6 | 2.65 | 8.2 | 14.4 | 1.88 | 3.0 | 6.6 | 2.24 |
| Religiosity | 1.8 | 4.5 | 2.51 | 10.1 | 12.1 | 1.22 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 1.45 |
| Average | 1.8 | 4.5 | 7.9 | 14.7 | 3.0 | 6.4 | |||
| SD | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | |||
| Protective factors | Past 30-day marijuana use in 7th grade |
Past-year delinquency in 7th grade |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage reporting |
Odds ratio |
Percentage reporting |
Odds ratio |
|||
| High protection in 6th grade |
Low protection in 6th grade |
High protection in 6th grade |
Low protection in 6th grade |
|||
| Community domain | ||||||
| Community opportunities for prosocial involvement | 1.1 | 2.3 | 2.05 | 26.4 | 40.0 | 1.86 |
| Community rewards for prosocial involvement | 0.7 | 2.7 | 4.02 | 27.0 | 40.1 | 1.81 |
| Family domain | ||||||
| Family attachment | 1.0 | 2.6 | 2.62 | 28.3 | 42.2 | 1.85 |
| Family opportunities for prosocial involvement | 1.1 | 2.8 | 2.66 | 27.2 | 44.9 | 2.18 |
| Family rewards for prosocial involvement | 0.7 | 2.9 | 4.17 | 25.6 | 43.7 | 2.26 |
| School domain | ||||||
| School opportunities for prosocial involvement | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.63 | 29.5 | 39.0 | 1.53 |
| School rewards for prosocial involvement | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.96 | 28.8 | 42.6 | 1.84 |
| Peer/individual domain | ||||||
| Social skills | 0.4 | 3.2 | 7.87 | 23.5 | 45.4 | 2.70 |
| Belief in moral order | 0.5 | 4.0 | 8.24 | 22.7 | 54.3 | 4.06 |
| Interaction with prosocial peers | 0.7 | 2.7 | 3.96 | 25.0 | 41.8 | 2.16 |
| Prosocial involvement | 0.8 | 2.4 | 3.03 | 27.7 | 38.1 | 1.60 |
| Rewards for prosocial involvement | 1.0 | 2.8 | 2.85 | 27.8 | 40.9 | 1.80 |
| Religiosity | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.19 | 31.6 | 36.3 | 1.23 |
| Average | 0.9 | 2.7 | 27.0 | 42.3 | ||
| SD | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 4.5 | ||
Statistically significant (p ≤.05) differences based on two-tailed tests are indicated in bold