Table 1.
Sampling information for the specimens used in this study
| Superfamily | Family | Species | Life style | Host species | Host taxon | Host utilization/ habitat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galeommatoidea |
Galeommatidae |
Divariscintilla toyohiwakensis |
Symbiotic |
Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus |
Mantis shrimp (Arthropoda) |
Inside the host burrow |
|
Ephippodonta gigas |
Symbiotic |
Callianidea typa |
Thalassinidean shrimp (Arthropoda) |
Inside the host burrow |
||
|
Galeomma sp. |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Pseudogaleomma sp. |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Scintilla rosea |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Scintilla aff. hydatina |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Scintilla sp.1 |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Scintilla sp.2 |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Scintillona stigmatica |
Symbiotic |
Brissus latecarinatus |
Heart urchin (Echinodermata) |
On the host body |
||
| Lasaeidae |
Anisodevonia ohshimai |
Symbiotic |
Patinapta ooplax |
Sea cucumber (Echinodermata) |
On the host body |
|
|
Arthritica japonica |
Symbiotic |
Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides |
Intertidal crab (Arthropoda) |
On the host body |
||
|
Byssobornia yamakwai |
Symbiotic |
Ochetostoma erythrogrammon |
Spoon worm (Echiura) |
Inside the host burrow |
||
|
Curvemysella paula |
Symbiotic |
Spiropagurus spiriger |
Hermit crab (Arthropoda) |
Inside the shell carried by the host |
||
|
Devonia semperi |
Symbiotic |
Protankyra bidentata |
Sea cucumber (Echinodermata) |
On the host body |
||
|
Entovalva lessonothuriae |
Symbiotic |
Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis |
Sea cucumber (Echinodermata) |
Inside the host esophagus |
||
|
Kellia porculus |
Free-living |
- |
- |
In the crevice of dead corals |
||
|
Lasaea undulata |
Free-living |
- |
- |
In the crevice of rocks |
||
|
Litigiella pacifica |
Symbiotic |
Sipunculus nudus |
Peanut worm (Sipuncula) |
On the host body |
||
|
Melliteryx puncticulata |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Montacutona sp. |
Symbiotic |
Cerianthus filiformis |
Sea anemone (Cnidaria) |
On the host body |
||
|
Mysella aff. bidentata |
Free-living |
- |
- |
In sand sediment |
||
|
Neaeromya rugifera |
Symbiotic |
Upogebia pugettensis |
Thalassinidean shrimp (Arthropoda) |
On the host body |
||
|
Nipponomontacuta actinariophila |
Symbiotic |
Telmatactis sp. |
Sea anemone (Cnidaria) |
On the host body |
||
|
Nipponomysella oblongata |
Free-living |
- |
- |
In sand sediment |
||
|
Nipponomysella subtruncata |
Symbiotic |
Siphonosoma cumanense |
Peanut worm (Sipuncula) |
On the host body |
||
|
Paraborniola matsumotoi |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Peregrinamor gastrochaenans |
Symbiotic |
Upogebia carinicauda |
Thalassinidean shrimp (Arthropoda) |
On the host body |
||
|
Peregrinamor ohshimai |
Symbiotic |
Upogebia major |
Thalassinidean shrimp (Arthropoda) |
On the host body |
||
|
Pseudopythina ochetostomae |
Symbiotic |
Listriolobus sorbillans |
Spoon worm (Echiura) |
Inside the host burrow |
||
|
Pseudopythina macrophthalmensis |
Symbiotic |
Macrophthalmus sp. |
Intertidal crab (Arthropoda) |
On the host body |
||
|
Pseudopythina subsinuata |
Symbiotic |
Oratosquilla oratoria |
Mantis shrimp (Arthropoda) |
On the host body |
||
|
Pseudopythina aff. ariake |
Symbiotic |
Protankyra bidentata |
Sea cucumber (Echinodermata) |
Inside the host burrow |
||
|
Pseudopythina aff. nodosa |
Symbiotic |
Siphonosoma cumanense |
Peanut worm (Sipuncula) |
On the host body |
||
|
Pythina deshayesiana |
Free-living |
- |
- |
On the undersurface of rocks |
||
|
Salpocola philippinensis |
Symbiotic |
Sipunculus nudus |
Peanut worm (Sipuncula) |
On the host body |
||
| Cyamioidea |
Basterotiidae |
Basterotia carinata |
Symbiotic |
Ochetostoma erythrogrammon |
Spoon worm (Echiura) |
Inside the host burrow |
|
Basterotia gouldi |
Symbiotic |
Ikedosoma gogoshimense |
Spoon worm (Echiura) |
Inside the host burrow |
||
|
Basterotia sp. |
Symbiotic |
Ochetostoma erythrogrammon |
Spoon worm (Echiura) |
Inside the host burrow |
||
| Outgroups | Solecurtidae |
Azorinus minutus |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
| Gastrochaenidae |
Gastrochaena cuneiformis |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Veneridae |
Irus mitis |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Mactridae |
Meropesta nicobarica |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Solenidae |
Solen strictus |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Solemyidae |
Solemya velum |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Nuculanidae |
Nuculana pella |
Free-living |
- |
- |
- |
|
| Neotrigoniidae | Neotrigonia margaritacea | Free-living | - | - | - |
Taxonomic classification follows Bieler et al. (2010).