Table 1.
Characteristics according to subjects with and without depressive symptoms
|
Subjects with |
Subjects without |
p valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|
| depressive symptomsa | depressive symptomsb | ||
| Number of subjects |
97 |
694 |
|
| Age |
57.0 ± 14.1 |
57.6 ± 13.6 |
0.673 |
| BMI |
22.9 ± 3.7 |
23.1 ± 3.5 |
0.756 |
| Amount of education (year) |
11.5 ± 2.1 |
11.5 ± 2.1 |
0.757 |
| Male (%) |
34.0 |
38.9 |
0.354 |
| Married (%) |
74.2 |
74.2 |
0.997 |
| Current smoking (%) |
13.4 |
15.6 |
0.580 |
| Habitual alcohol intake (%) |
43.3 |
44.7 |
0.799 |
| Exercise habitd (%) |
11.3 |
12.8 |
0.680 |
| History of hypertension (%) |
29.9 |
30.8 |
0.851 |
| History of diabetes mellitus (%) |
5.2 |
5.9 |
0.767 |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Energy (kcal) |
1870 ± 639 |
1942 ± 609 |
0.279 |
| Folate (ug/1000kcal) |
178 ± 73 |
173 ± 62 |
0.431 |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg/1000kcal) |
0.67 ± 0.19 |
0.66 ± 0.18 |
0.923 |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) (mg/1000kcal) |
0.65 ± 0.18 |
0.65 ± 0.17 |
0.887 |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) (μg/1000kcal) |
5.2 ± 3.0 |
5.1 ± 2.7 |
0.809 |
| n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/1000kcal) | 1.43 ± 0.50 | 1.44 ± 0.50 | 0.866 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
a Subiects wth a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depresion scale score≧16.
b Subiects wlh a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depresion scale score <16.
c For continuous variables non-paired t-test was used; for categorical variables, chi square test was used.
d Exercise habit was defined as 4 and more times per week.