Table 3.
Characteristics according to tertile categories of dietary pattern scores
|
Healthy dietary pattern |
Western dietary pattern |
Bread and confectionery dietary pattern |
Alcohol and accompanying dietary pattern |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low tertile | Middle tertile | High tertile | Trend pa | Low tertile | Middle tertile | High tertile | Trend pa | Low tertile | Middle tertile | High tertile | Trend pa | Low tertile | Middle tertile | High tertile | Trend pa | |
| Number of subjects |
264 |
263 |
264 |
|
263 |
265 |
263 |
|
263 |
265 |
263 |
|
264 |
264 |
263 |
|
| Age |
54.0 ± 13.9 |
57.5 ± 13.8 |
61.1 ± 12.1 |
<0.001 |
64.4 ± 11.6 |
58.3 ± 11.9 |
49.8 ± 13.2 |
<0.001 |
53.5 ± 12.9 |
57.8 ± 13.4 |
61.3 ± 13.4 |
<0.001 |
55.9 ± 14.2 |
57.2 ± 13.8 |
59.5 ± 12.5 |
<0.01 |
| BMI |
23.2 ± 3.4 |
23.3 ± 3.6 |
22.7 ± 3.5 |
0.132 |
23.5 ± 3.6 |
23.2 ± 3.5 |
22.5 ± 3.4 |
<0.01 |
23.4 ± 3.7 |
23.0 ± 3.8 |
22.7 ± 3.1 |
<0.05 |
22.9 ± 3.8 |
22.8 ± 3.8 |
23.4 ± 3.0 |
0.08 |
| Amount of education (year) |
11.6 ± 2.1 |
11.4 ± 2.0 |
11.6 ± 2.1 |
0.850 |
10.9 ± 2.2 |
11.6 ± 2.0 |
12.2 ± 1.8 |
<0.001 |
11.9 ± 2.0 |
11.5 ± 2.0 |
11.2 ± 2.2 |
<0.001 |
11.4 ± 2.2 |
11.8 ± 2.1 |
11.4 ± 2.0 |
0.88 |
| Male (%) |
66.3 |
34.6 |
14.0 |
<0.001 |
42.2 |
38.1 |
34.6 |
0.07 |
48.7 |
37.4 |
28.9 |
<0.001 |
26.9 |
33.3 |
54.8 |
<0.001 |
| Married (%) |
72.3 |
77.9 |
72.3 |
1.000 |
70.0 |
72.8 |
79.8 |
<0.01 |
77.9 |
77.7 |
66.9 |
<0.01 |
71.6 |
71.6 |
79.5 |
<0.05 |
| Current smoking (%) |
29.5 |
12.2 |
4.2 |
<0.001 |
10.3 |
15.1 |
20.5 |
<0.01 |
22.4 |
12.8 |
10.6 |
<0.001 |
10.2 |
15.9 |
19.8 |
<0.01 |
| Habitual alcohol intake (%) |
65.2 |
43.7 |
24.6 |
<0.001 |
43.0 |
49.1 |
41.4 |
0.73 |
64.6 |
43.4 |
25.5 |
<0.001 |
29.5 |
41.7 |
62.4 |
<0.001 |
| Exercise habitb (%) |
7.6 |
10.3 |
20.1 |
<0.001 |
18.3 |
11.7 |
8.0 |
<0.001 |
11.0 |
12.8 |
14.1 |
0.29 |
6.8 |
12.1 |
19.0 |
<0.001 |
| History of hypertension (%) |
28.8 |
30.4 |
33 |
0.299 |
44.1 |
31.7 |
16.3 |
<0.001 |
44.1 |
31.7 |
33.1 |
0.16 |
23.9 |
32.2 |
36.1 |
<0.01 |
| History of diabetes mellitus (%) |
4.9 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
0.457 |
8.7 |
6.4 |
2.3 |
<0.01 |
5.3 |
4.2 |
8.0 |
0.19 |
4.9 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
0.450 |
| Dietary intake | ||||||||||||||||
| Energy (kcal) |
2047 ± 638 |
1967 ± 629 |
1784 ± 539 |
<0.001 |
1923 ± 604 |
1949 ± 611 |
1926 ± 626 |
0.96 |
1868 ± 608 |
1950 ± 592 |
1981 ± 635 |
<0.05 |
1773 ± 555 |
1920 ± 552 |
2106 ± 680 |
<0.001 |
| Folate (μg/1000kcal) |
122 ± 32 |
164 ± 31 |
234 ± 61 |
<0.001 |
176 ± 66 |
174 ± 63 |
170 ± 62 |
0.25 |
183 ± 79 |
171 ± 58 |
170 ± 50 |
<0.01 |
167 ± 71 |
176 ± 60 |
176 ± 60 |
0.1 |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg/1000kcal) |
0.52 ± 0.13 |
0.66 ± 0.12 |
0.81 ± 0.16 |
<0.001 |
0.65 ± 0.20 |
0.66 ± 0.17 |
0.60 ± 0.17 |
0.08 |
0.67 ± 0.20 |
0.66 ± 0.18 |
0.66 ± 0.16 |
0.55 |
0.64 ± 0.18 |
0.67 ± 0.17 |
0.68 ± 0.20 |
<0.01 |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) (mg/1000kcal) |
0.51 ± 0.11 |
0.63 ± 0.10 |
0.81 ± 0.14 |
<0.001 |
0.66 ± 0.18 |
0.65 ± 0.17 |
0.64 ± 0.16 |
0.33 |
0.67 ± 0.18 |
0.64 ± 0.18 |
0.63 ± 0.15 |
<0.01 |
0.59 ± 0.16 |
0.65 ± 0.16 |
0.70 ± 0.18 |
<0.001 |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) (μg/1000kcal) |
3.7 ± 1.9 |
5.1 ± 2.1 |
6.6 ± 3.3 |
<0.001 |
5.8 ± 3.3 |
5.2 ± 2.6 |
4.4 ± 2.1 |
<0.001 |
4.7 ± 2.4 |
5.3 ± 3.0 |
5.4 ± 2.8 |
<0.01 |
4.0 ± 1.9 |
5.2 ± 2.4 |
6.2 ± 3.3 |
<0.001 |
| n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/1000kcal) | 1.11 ± 0.35 | 1.44 ± 0.37 | 1.77 ± 0.51 | <0.001 | 1.47 ± 0.57 | 1.44 ± 0.48 | 1.41 ± 0.42 | 0.24 | 1.37 ± 0.50 | 1.47 ± 0.52 | 1.48 ± 0.47 | <0.05 | 1.28 ± 0.36 | 1.48 ± 0.48 | 1.57 ± 0.58 | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
a On the basis of the Cochran-Armitage trend test for categorical variables and linear regression analysis for continuous variables, assigning ordinal numbers 0-2 to tertile categories of each dietary pattern.
b Exercise habit was defined as 4 and more times per week.