Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects
| Total | Men | Women | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number |
520 |
264 |
256 |
|
| Age (years) |
44.8 ± 9.4 |
43.9 ± 9.4 |
45.8 ± 9.4 |
0.023 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) |
112.8 ± 16.1 |
113.8 ± 14.3 |
111.8 ± 17.8 |
0.172 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) |
75.0 ± 10.0 |
77.0 ± 9.8 |
73.0 ± 9.9 |
< 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
199.4 ± 36.2 |
202.7 ± 36.2 |
196.1 ± 36.0 |
0.036 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) |
55.8 ± 14.5 |
49.9 ± 12.1 |
62.0 ± 14.1 |
< 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) |
116.7 ± 33.1 |
120.5 ± 34.3 |
112.8 ± 31.5 |
0.008 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
139.0 ± 111.4 |
170.1 ± 137.6 |
107.0 ± 60.7 |
< 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
24.1 ± 3.4 |
24.8 ± 3.1 |
23.4 ± 3.6 |
< 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
84.5 ± 9.5 |
87.5 ± 7.6 |
81.4 ± 10.3 |
< 0.001 |
| Current smokers (%) |
19.8 |
35.2 |
3.9 |
< 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
0.526 |
| Glucose (AC) (mg/dL) |
95.5 ± 22.3 |
97.9 ± 25.6 |
93.1 ± 17.9 |
0.014 |
| HOMA-IR index |
2.2 ± 1.4 |
2.3 ± 1.6 |
2.0 ± 1.1 |
0.002 |
| CRP (mg/L) |
1.0 ± 1.4 |
1.1 ± 1.4 |
1.0 ± 1.3 |
0.060 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) |
260.2 ± 66.7 |
257.7 ± 68.6 |
262.8 ± 64.7 |
0.381 |
| sE-selectin (ng/mL) |
52.5 ± 25.7 |
59.8 ± 27.0 |
45.0 ± 22.0 |
< 0.001 |
| sICAM1 (ng/mL) |
239.8 ± 113.2 |
243.8 ± 109.6 |
235.8 ± 116.8 |
0.281 |
| MMP9 (ng/mL) | 141.9 ± 111.8 | 154.1 ± 112.8 | 129.4 ± 109.6 | < 0.001 |
BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; sICAM1, soluble intercellular adhesive molecule 1; sE-selectin, soluble E-selectin; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD. CRP, sICAM1, sE-selectin and MMP9 values were transformed logarithmically before statistical testing to meet the assumption of normal distributions; however, the untransformed data are shown.