Fig. 5.

Oral butyrate exacerbated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) were given butyrate in drinking water (4% butyrate). These mice also received 3% DSS in drinking water and were analyzed on day 11. A and B: percentage of daily weight change and bleeding scores were tabulated. Bleeding was scored as follows: 0 = no bleeding; 1 = positive Hemoccult blood test (minimal color change to green); 2 = positive Hemoccult blood test (maximal color change to blue); 3 = blood visible in the stool and no clotting on the anus; and 4 = gross bleeding from the anus with clotting. C: colonic tissue IL-6 mRNA was measured using quantitative PCR (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Data normalized to GAPDH expression. D: colonic lamina propria cells were stained to analyze the intracellular cytokine profile of helper T cell by FACS. Dot plots and mean % CD4+ T cell were shown.