Fig. 1.
Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IR)Tyr1162/1163 (A), IRS1pan Tyr (B), IRSSer312 (C), IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity (D), and phosphorylation phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN)Ser380 (E). CR, calorie-restricted group; AL, ad libitum food consumption group. Main effects of diet, insulin, and diet × insulin interactions are reported from two-way ANOVA analysis. P ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Values are means ± SE; n = 7–18 per treatment group.