Table 1.
Operational and physicochemical parameters of the biogas reactors in spring, summer and autumn
| Biogas reactor | Season | Province/country | Main substrate | Percentage of co‐substrates | Reactor volume | Temperature | pH | EC | Dry matter | Loss on ignition | NH4‐N | NH3‐N | CH4 | CO2 | H2S | H2 | Acetate | Propionic acid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | (m3) | (°C) | (mS cm−1) | (%) | (%) | (mg l−1) | (mg l−1) | (%) | (%) | (ppm) | (mmol l−1) | (mmol l−1) | (mmol l−1) | |||||
| A | Spring | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 7 (Waste vegetable oil) | 380 | 40.0 | 8.2 | 16.8 | 7.2 | 75.0 | 2144 | 366 | 55.0 | 43.5 | 380 | nm | 1.8 | nd |
| A | Summer | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 7 (Waste vegetable oil) | 380 | 40.0 | 7.6 | 17.6 | 7.1 | 73.4 | 1840 | 106 | 56.4 | 42.8 | 2579 | 13 139 | 0.7 | nd |
| A | Autumn | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 7 (Waste vegetable oil) | 380 | 40.0 | 7.5 | 18.5 | 6.8 | 73.0 | 1680 | 78.0 | 55.0 | 44.0 | 90.0 | 11 630 | nd | nd |
| B | Spring | I/ST | Cow manure | 18 (Pomace) | 1 000 | 42.0 | 7.8 | 15.6 | 9.5 | 74.0 | 1768 | 172 | 57.0 | 39.0 | 40.0 | nm | 4.0 | nd |
| B | Summer | I/ST | Cow manure | 18 (Pomace) | 1 000 | 42.0 | 7.8 | 17.0 | 7.6 | 66.0 | 1520 | 157 | 53.3 | 40.3 | 4000 | 12 075 | 0.1 | nd |
| B | Autumn | I/ST | Cow manure | 18 (Pomace) | 1 000 | 41.0 | 7.5 | 13.1 | 6.9 | 65.0 | 800 | 33.8 | 55.8 | 43.8 | 150 | 7 195 | 0.1 | nd |
| C | Spring | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 0 | 560 | 40.0 | 7.9 | 11.6 | 9.0 | 79.0 | 1792 | 176 | 53.4 | 46.5 | 100 | nm | 0.6 | 7.5 |
| C | Summer | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 0 | 560 | 40.0 | 7.5 | 14.8 | 6.2 | 76.0 | 1360 | 59.1 | 55.0 | 44.9 | 391 | 9 965 | 0.5 | nd |
| C | Autumn | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 0 | 560 | 39.5 | 7.5 | 12.9 | 6.8 | 75.0 | 1200 | 48.4 | 51.5 | 39.6 | nd | 8 865 | 0.1 | nd |
| D | Spring | AU/Vb | Sewage sludge | 0 | 10 000 | 38.0 | 7.2 | 9.8 | 2.6 | 55.0 | 985 | 20.2 | 61.4 | 38.3 | 297 | 94.5 | nd | nd |
| D | Summer | AU/Vb | Sewage sludge | 0 | 10 000 | 38.0 | 7.1 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 56.0 | 560 | 9.6 | 64.0 | 36.0 | 1400 | 3 191 | nd | nd |
| D | Autumn | AU/Vb | Sewage sludge | 0 | 10 000 | 37.5 | 7.1 | 6.0 | nm | nm | 640 | 9.5 | 60.4 | 39.3 | nd | 3 530 | 0.3 | nd |
| E | Spring | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 0 | 850 | 40.0 | 8.1 | 17.3 | 5.2 | 71.0 | 1336 | 207 | 43.2 | 38.7 | 100 | 146 | nd | nd |
| E | Summer | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 0 | 850 | 40.0 | 7.7 | 17.6 | 5.6 | 69.0 | 1600 | 105 | 51.1 | 33.5 | 480 | 11 604 | 0.8 | nd |
| E | Autumn | AU/Vb | Cow manure | 0 | 850 | 38.0 | 7.6 | 17.2 | 5.0 | 67.0 | 1520 | 68.1 | 50.0 | 37.0 | nd | 11 112 | 0.3 | nd |
| F | Spring | I/ST | Pomace | 23 (Pomace) | 1 000 | 48.0 | 8.0 | 15.5 | 9.0 | 72.0 | 1224 | 237 | 55.0 | 44.5 | 1055 | nm | 6.8 | 1.1 |
| F | Summer | I/ST | Pomace | 23 (Pomace) | 1 000 | 48.0 | 7.5 | 15.2 | nm | nm | 880 | 63.9 | nm | nm | nm | 7 769 | 9.2 | 1.3 |
| F | Autumn | I/ST | Pomace | 23 (Pomace) | 1 000 | 48.0 | 7.4 | 15.8 | nm | nm | 800 | 43.0 | 54.3 | 42.8 | 650 | 7 069 | 5.6 | 0.8 |
| G | Spring | I/ST | Cow manure | < 1 (Biowaste) | 130 | 40.0 | 7.9 | 18.7 | 8.2 | 70.0 | 2008 | 197 | 54.0 | 45.0 | 1040 | nm | 1.6 | nd |
| G | Summer | I/ST | Cow manure | < 1 (Biowaste) | 130 | 40.0 | 7.7 | 25.0 | 7.2 | 66.0 | 1840 | 137 | 57.0 | 41.2 | 100 | 303 | 2.1 | nd |
| G | Autumn | I/ST | Cow manure | < 1 (Biowaste) | 130 | 41.0 | 7.8 | 22.5 | 7.4 | 69.0 | 1920 | 158 | 58.0 | 41.3 | 100 | 311 | 2.2 | nd |
| H | Spring | I/ST | Cow manure | 2 (Waste vegetable oil) | 670 | 38.5 | 7.8 | 19.4 | 7.2 | 72.0 | 2000 | 162 | 55.0 | 44.0 | 1050 | nm | 4.0 | nd |
| H | Summer | I/ST | Cow manure | 2 (Waste vegetable oil) | 670 | 38.5 | 7.8 | 18.7 | 6.3 | 71.0 | 1760 | 136 | 57.0 | 42.3 | 4000 | 210 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| H | Autumn | I/ST | Cow manure | 2 (Waste vegetable oil) | 670 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 19.0 | 4.8 | 67.0 | 1760 | 98.9 | 56.5 | 43.3 | nm | 188 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| I | Spring | AU/Vb | Cow, swine and chicken manure | 21 (Waste vegetable oil, pomace, garden waste, biowaste) | 750 | 42.0 | 7.9 | 19.4 | 5.9 | 75.0 | 2280 | 288 | 57.6 | 42.2 | 44.0 | 555 | 1.8 | nd |
| I | Summer | AU/Vb | Cow, swine and chicken manure | 21 (Waste vegetable oil, pomace, garden waste, biowaste) | 750 | 41.9 | 7.6 | 16.8 | 6.5 | 79.0 | 2160 | 143 | 56.7 | 42.2 | 148 | 227 | 1.7 | 0.1 |
| I | Autumn | AU/Vb | Cow, swine and chicken manure | 21 (Waste vegetable oil, pomace, garden waste, biowaste) | 750 | 41.9 | 7.7 | 22.0 | 7.3 | 73.0 | 2640 | 211 | 60.1 | 39.2 | 200 | 459 | 6.2 | 0.2 |
AU, Austria; I, Italy; Vb, Vorarlberg; ST, South Tirol; nd, not detected (detection limit was 0.1 mmol l−1); nm, not measured.