. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pers. 2013 Jan 11;81(2):119–129. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12000

Table 4.

Multilevel model regression parameters to examine gender differences, assessment methodology differences and gender X methodology interactions for each temperament dimension.

	G v. B	M v. L	D v. L	−2LL	Interactions
PE	.11 (.07)	.03 (.04)	.08 (.02)^***	4.40
PA	.09 (.04)^*	.01 (.04)	.05 (.02)^*	3.19
Engagement	.06 (.137)	−.01 (.08)	.02 (.03)	0.30
Sociability	.13 (.05)^**	.08 (.02)^**	.12 (.03)^***	29.60^***	Sex^* M v. L: −.17 (.05)^*; Sex^ D v. L: −.25 (.04)^***
NE	−.06 (.01)^***	−.12 (.02)^***	−.09 (.02)^***	15.39^***	Sex^* M v. L: .25 (.04)^**; Sex^ D v. L: .20 (.07)^**
Fear	.20 (.03)^***	.03 (.01)^*	.02 (.04)	0.42
Sadness	−.05 (.01)^***	−.13 (.03)^***	−.08 (.05)	9.54^**	Sex^* M v. L: .30 (.06)^**; Sex^ D v. L: .18 (.11)
Anger	−.25 (.07)^**	−.14 (.04)^*	−.07 (.03)	29.67^***	Sex^* M v. L: .28 (.07)^**; Sex^ D v. L: .13 (.06)^*
Impulsivity	−.49 (.02)^***	−.17 (.02)^***	−.17 (.03)^***	112.61^***	Sex^* M v. L: .36 (.04)^**; Sex^ D v. L: .34 (.08)^***
Activity	−.22 (.08)^**	−.01 (.05)	−.00 (.06)	0.00

p < .05;

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001.

Note: G = girls, B = boys; M = maternal report, D = paternal report, L = laboratory observation; PE = positive emotionality; PA = positive affectivity; NE = negative emotionality. −2LL = log-likelihood difference test for significance of the block of interaction terms.

Interactions are displayed when the block of interactions were significant. All associations are adjusted for child age and include study as an additional layer of non-independence.