Table A1.

Transcribing conventions, adapted from Atkinson and Heritage⁴¹

[onset of overlapping speech	.hhh inbreath
] end of spate of overlapping talk	Hhh outbreath
[[ speakers start a turn simultaneously	= no pause between speakers; contiguous utterances
: preceding sound is lengthened or drawn out	(( )) a non verbal activity (eg, C = keystroke in this work)
(more : means greater prolongation)
Underlining emphasis	( text ) unclear fragment of text
(.) pause of less than 0.2 seconds	. falling tone (not necessarily end of sentence)
(0.4) pause, in tenths of a second	? rising inflection (not necessarily a question)
↑↓marked rising / falling intonation	CAPITALS louder than surrounding talk
>text< the talk they surround is quicker than surrounding talk	<text> the talk they surround is slower than surrounding talk
°° the talk they surround is quieter than surrounding talk