Figure 3.

pain mutants are not defective in short-lasting courtship memory. (A) 30-min memory after 1-h conditioning in wild-type flies, pain¹, pain², pain³, and pain^GAL4 homozygotes, and pain²/+ heterozygotes. (*) P < 0.05, (**) P < 0.01, (***) P < 0.001. (B) 1-h memory after 1-h conditioning in wild-type flies and pain¹ homozygotes. (**) P < 0.01. (C) 8-h memory after 1-h conditioning in wild-type flies and pain¹ homozygotes. (**) P < 0.01. (D) 24-h memory after 1-h conditioning in wild-type flies and pain¹ homozygotes. (White box) naive male, (gray box) conditioned male.