Table 1.

Participant demographics.

	ASD (n = 24)	DD (n = 11)	TD (n = 30)
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Sex – n (%)
Female	3 (12.5)	3 (27.3)	13 (43.4)
Male	21 (87.5)	8 (72.7)	17 (56.7)
Age – mean (SD)
CA in months	54.0 (13.0)	54.5 (15.6)	47.3 (18.8)
CA min–max	31.0–76.0	25.0–77.0	20.0–77.0
Ethnic category – n (%)
Hispanic or latino	1 (4.5)	0 (0)	10 (30)
Not hispanic or latino	21 (94.5)	11 (100)	20 (70)
Missing	2 (8.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Race – n (%)
Asian or pacific Islander	0	2 (18.2)	3 (10)
Black or African American	3 (12.5)	1 (9.1)	1 (3.3)
White	19 (79.2)	8 (72.7)	23 (76.7)
Other	1 (4.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Unknown	1 (4.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Mother's education – n (%)
High school diploma or less	4 (16.7)	2 (18.2)	1 (3.3)
Some college or AA	7 (29.2)	1 (9.1)	1 (3.3)
BA/BS	8 (33.3)	3 (27.3)	14 (46.7)
MA/MS+	5 (20.8)	5 (45.5)	13 (43.3)
Missing	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3.3)
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Mental age – mean (SD)†
MA in months	31.8 (14.1)	44.3 (18.1)	48.6 (16.1)
MA min–max	9.0–69.0	17.0–69.0	23.0–69.0
VABS – mean (SD)
Adaptive behavior composite- age equivalents in months	26.4 (12.4)	33.4 (11.0)	48.8 (18.5)
Fine motor – age equivalents in months	32.7 (13.4)	39 (18.7)	41.1 (17.2)
MSEL – mean (SD)
Fine motor – age equivalents in months	32.2 (14.2)	36.6 (11.2)	46.1 (16.9)
CARS – mean (SD)	34.7 (7.8)	20.6 (4.0)	15.5 (0.6)

ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorders; DD, Developmental Delay; TD, Typical Development; SD, Standard Deviation; CA, Chronological Age; MA, Mental Age; LIPS, Leiter International Performance Scale; MSEL, Mullen Scales of Early Learning; VABS, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale; CARS, Childhood Autism Rating Scale.

^†MSEL, visual reception subscale was used for children ≤ 68 months. LIPS was used for children > 68 months.