Figure 11. GalE regulates protein synthesis and cellular response to insulin.

(A) Measurement of protein synthesis stimulated by Xbp1s in primary hepatocytes using ³H-leucine incorporation. *P < 0.05. (B) Knockdown of GalE reduces protein synthesis rate in both WT and LIXs hepatocytes. *P < 0.05. (C) Knockdown of GalE impairs insulin signaling in WT hepatocytes. (D) Overexpression of GalE enhances the insulin response in WT rat hepatocytes. WB, Western blot. (E) Adiponectin levels were examined by immunoblotting in HEK293T cells when co-transfected with a GalE expression plasmid (1 μg) or the vehicle plasmid (1 μg). Actin served as loading control. APN, adiponectin. GDI, guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor. NA, no virus infection.