Effects of P450 inhibitors on microsomal oxidation of cocaine. Incubations of P450 inhibitors, including α-naphthoflavone (α-NF, 0.01–1 µM), tranylcypromine (0.02–2 µM), orphenadrine (0.01–1 mM), sulfaphenazole (0.2–20 µM), quinidine (0.02–2 µM), and ketoconazole (0.01–1 µM), were conducted as described in the Materials and Methods (n = 3). Inhibitor concentration in the x-axis is expressed as the fold of the highest concentration of specific inhibitor. The yield of cocaine metabolites from the microsomal incubation without the inhibitor is arbitrarily as 100%. (A) Effects of P450 inhibitors on the production of norcocaine (VI) by MLM. (B) Effects of P450 inhibitors on the production of N-hydroxynorcocaine by MLM. (C) Effects of P450 inhibitors on the production of norcocaine (VI) by RLM. (D) Effects of P450 inhibitors on the production of N-hydroxynorcocaine by RLM. (E) Effects of P450 inhibitors on the production of hydroxycocaine (XI) by RLM. (F) Effects of P450 inhibitors on the production of dihydroxycocaine (XIV) by RLM.