(a) Prenatal intervention studies using the 1990 IOM gestational weight gain recommendations

Reference, Sample characteristics	Treatment		Gestational weight gain (GWG) (kg)			Maternal weight retention postpartum (PP) (kg)			Infant birth weight (g)
	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	P value	Control	Intervention	P value	Control	Intervention	P value
Yeo [71]    Design RT Stretching (S) versus walking (W)    N = 124 S = 60 W = 64   Country   United States   Ethnicity   S = 82% Caucasians W = 87% Caucasians   Age   31.0 ± 5.0   Parity   NA   SES   S = 43% >75,000 (high) W = 61% >75,000 (high) Prepreg BMI   S = 98% ≥26  kg/m2 W = 97% ≥26 kg/m2   Gestational age at recruitment   <14 weeks   Duration of study  until end of pregnancy	—	Physical activity:   Supervised and home-based exercise program      Stretching: Frequency   5/week Intensity   —   Duration   40 min Type   Videotape      Walking: Frequency 5/week Intensity 55–69% of HR max Duration 40 min   Delivered by exercise specialists	Stretchers At delivery   15.9 ± 6.8      Adherence to 1990 IOM   11% did not exceed	Walkers At delivery   15.4 ± 5.9      Adherence to 1990 IOM   0% did not exceed	NS               NS	NA	NA	—	NA	NA	—