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Protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Cells were treated with α-BTX 1 μg/ml for 30 minutes and then 5 μM nicotine for 10 minutes followed by stimulation with poly(I:C) 20 μg/ml for 12 hours. The protein concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Data are shown as the mean ± S.E.M. from three independent experiments performed under identical conditions (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01).
