Table 1.
The comparison of sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, medical, and psychiatric conditions of people who inject drugs who had never accessed and ever accessed substance abuse treatment
| Characteristics | Had accessed substance abuse treatment | χ2/U | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| No (N = 48) | Yes (N = 162) | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Male, N (%) | 46 (96) | 148 (91) | 1.05 | 0.54 |
| Age, mean (range, years) | 27 (17–42) | 28 (21–42) | 10.37 | 0.32 |
| Education, N (%) | 8.93 | 0.06 | ||
| Junior high school or lower | 5 (10) | 7 (4) | ||
| Senior high school | 40 (84) | 124 (77) | ||
| Diploma or higher | 3 (6) | 31 (19) | ||
| Marital status, N (%) | 3.63 | 0.60 | ||
| Married | 16 (33) | 47 (29) | ||
| Widowed, separated, or divorced | 4 (8) | 24 (15) | ||
| Never married | 28 (59) | 91 (56) | ||
| Income from employment in the last 30 days (thousand rupiah), mean (SD) | 969 (1,730) | 1,191 (2,639) | 0.87 | 0.59 |
| Drug use | ||||
| Age first injected drugs, mean (SD) | 18 (4) | 18 (3) | 6.07 | 0.34 |
| Injected drugs in lifetime, mean (SD) | 5 (4) | 8 (4) | 0.27 | <0.01 |
| Injected drugs in the last 30 days, N (%) | 17 (35) | 89 (55) | 5.65 | 0.02 |
| Overdose, N (%) | 11 (23) | 88 (54) | 14.66 | <0.01 |
| Cigarettes smoked in the last 30 days, mean (SD) | 370 (205) | 459 (252) | 2.05 | 0.03 |
| Drug composite score (0–1), mean (SD) | 0.13 (0.10) | 0.18 (0.13) | 3.12 | 0.03 |
| Alcohol composite score (0–1), mean (SD) | 0.25 (0.18) | 0.16 (0.20) | 2.70 | <0.01 |
| Risk behavior, N (%) | 42 (88) | 124 (77) | 2.68 | 0.11 |
| Injecting risk behavior (0–100), mean (SD) | 5 (10) | 5 (8) | 0.27 | 0.95 |
| Sexual risk behavior (0–40), mean (SD) | 2 (3) | 3 (5) | 6.30 | 0.23 |
| Other risk behavior (0–30), mean (SD) | 3 (4) | 2 (3) | 0.06 | 0.26 |
| Knowledge on HIV (0–10), mean (SD) | 8 (2) | 9 (2) | 1.57 | 0.02 |
| Medical condition | ||||
| Have chronic problem, N (%) | 24 (50) | 64 (40) | 1.68 | 0.24 |
| Have been tested for HIV, N (%) | 23 (48) | 134 (83) | 23.77 | P < 0.01 |
| HIV+, N (%) (N = 157) | 9 (43) | 82 (66) | 4.44 | 0.06 |
| AIDS+, N (%) (N = 91) | 1 (11) | 24 (29) | 3.04 | 0.44 |
| HIV treatment, N (%), (N = 91) | 3 (33) | 51 (62) | 2.8 | 0.15 |
| Tested for hepatitis C, N (%) | 21 (44) | 104 (64) | 6.43 | 0.01 |
| Hepatitis C+, N (%) (N = 125) | 9 (43) | 71 (68) | 4.90 | 0.04 |
| Medical composite score (0–1), mean (SD) | 0.39 (0.20) | 0.43 (0.22) | 3.40 | 0.54 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20 (2) | 21 (3) | 4.72 | 0.02 |
| Psychiatric condition in lifetime | ||||
| Depression, N (%) | 28 (58) | 96 (59) | 0.01 | 1.00 |
| Anxiety, N (%) | 41 (85) | 129 (80) | 0.41 | 0.25 |
| Memory problems, N (%) | 35 (73) | 119 (74) | 0.01 | 1.00 |
| Hallucination, N (%) | 15 (31) | 63 (39) | 0.93 | 0.40 |
| Trouble in controlling violent behavior, N (%) | 27 (56) | 88 (54) | 0.06 | 0.87 |
| Ever treated for psychiatric problems, N (%) | 8 (17) | 53 (33) | 4.63 | 0.03 |
| Psychiatric composite score (0–1), mean (SD) | 0.24 (0.16) | 0.17 (0.20) | 3.63 | 0.40 |
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.