Table 4.
Survival analysis and cox regression model
| Parameter | Category | Survival | Cox model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediana | 5-years | P | Hazard | P | ||
| Gender | Male | 21.6 | 23% | 0.566 | ||
| Female | 21.2 | 24% | ||||
| Age | <75 years | 22.1 | 26% | 0.138 | ||
| ≥ 75 years | 19.4 | 15% | ||||
| Pre-operative jaundice | No | 26.5 | 20% | 0.204 | ||
| Yes | 19.7 | 24% | ||||
| Pre-operative weight loss | None or <10% | 22.3 | 25% | 0.088 | ||
| ≥10% | 18.9 | 20% | ||||
| HTN | No | 22.7 | 27% | 0.105 | ||
| Yes | 20.4 | 21% | ||||
| Diabetes | No | 22.7 | 25% | 0.101 | ||
| Yes | 19.5 | 21% | ||||
| ASA | 1 or 2 | 26.4 | 32% | 0.020 | ||
| 3 or 4 | 19.7 | 19% | ||||
| Charlson comorbidity score | Continuous | <0.001 | ||||
| POSSUM physiological score | Continuous | 0.001 | 1.03 | 0.036 | ||
| POSSUM operative score | Continuous | <0.001 | ||||
| SOAR score | Continuous | 0.054 | ||||
| Resection | PPPD | 21.3 | 24% | 0.475 | ||
| Classic PD | 18.5 | 24% | ||||
| Distal | 20.7 | 13% | ||||
| Total | 32.2 | 49% | ||||
| OR time | Continuous | 0.641 | ||||
| Estimated blood loss | 0–999 ml | 21.6 | 25% | 0.023 | ||
| ≥1000 ml | 16.6 | 15% | ||||
| Vascular resection | No | 21.2 | 24% | 0.901 | ||
| Yes | 21.3 | 17% | ||||
| Operative transfusion | No | 24.5 | 27% | 0.002 | 1 | 0.001 |
| Yes | 18.8 | 14% | 1.66 | |||
| Any hospital transfusion | No | 24.8 | 27% | 0.007 | ||
| Yes | 19.2 | 18% | ||||
| Reoperation | No | 21.3 | 24% | 0.464 | ||
| Yes | 21.1 | 20% | ||||
| Duration of stay | <21 days | 21.6 | 25% | 0.012 | ||
| ≥21 days | 13.3 | 0% | ||||
| Clavien complication scoreb | None | 21.3 | 22% | 0.43 | ||
| Grade I | 19.7 | 24% | ||||
| Grade II | 23.8 | 27% | ||||
| Grade III a | 21.2 | 31% | ||||
| Grade III b | 27.4 | 36% | ||||
| Grade IV a | 19.1 | 12% | ||||
| Grade IV b | 16.4 | 0% | ||||
| ISGPS pancreatic fistula | None | 20.3 | 22% | 0.133 | ||
| Grade A | 27.8 | 20% | ||||
| Grade B | 32.2 | 45% | ||||
| Grade C | 6.5 | 0% | ||||
| ISGPS delayed gastric | None | 19.2 | 21% | 0.328 | ||
| Emptyingc | Grade A | 19.4 | 16% | |||
| Grade B | NR | 54% | ||||
| Grade C | 27.9 | 19% | ||||
| Post-operative sepsis | No | 21.5 | 24% | 0.012 | ||
| Yes | 5.8 | NA | ||||
| Post-operative bleeding | No | 21.5 | 24% | 0.202 | ||
| Yes | 17.7 | 15% | ||||
| Margins | R0 | 27.1 | 29% | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| R1 | 16.8 | 14% | 1.67 | |||
| T-Stage | T1/T2 | 45.0 | 46% | <0.001 | 1 | 0.003 |
| T3/T4 | 19.7 | 18% | 1.90 | |||
| N-Stage | N0 | 31.4 | 31% | 0.001 | ||
| N1 | 19.2 | 20% | ||||
| LNR | <.3 | 24.8 | 27% | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ≥.3 | 15.5 | 9% | 1.97 | |||
| Tumour size (cm) | Continuous | <0.001 | 1.10 | 0.034 | ||
| Distant metastases | No | 21.3 | 25% | 0.173 | ||
| Yes | 16.6 | 0% | ||||
| Differentiation | Well/Moderate | 27.8 | 31% | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Poor | 16.8 | 12% | 1.94 | |||
| Lymphovascular invasion | No | 27.8 | 28% | 0.001 | 1 | 0.006 |
| Yes | 18.8 | 16% | 1.5 | |||
| Perineural invasion | No | 31.0 | 34% | 0.014 | ||
| Yes | 20.1 | 21% | ||||
| Arising in IPMN | No | 21.3 | 22% | 0.354 | ||
| Yes | 21.2 | 46% | ||||
| Oncological therapy | None | 9.4 | 23% | 0.002 | ||
| Adjuvant | 22.6 | 26% | ||||
| Palliative | 16.6 | 0% | ||||
| Neoadjuvant | 17.8 | NA | ||||
| Unknown | 16.3 | 17% | ||||
| Oncological therapy | Any (adj, pal, neo) | 22.2 | 24% | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| None | 9.4 | 23% | 3.31 | |||
| Adjuvant therapy | Chemotherapy Only | 15.4 | 13% | <0.001 | ||
| Chemoradiation | 26.4 | 30% | ||||
| Unknown | 17.3 | 6% | ||||
Statistically significant values shown in bold.
a
In months.
b
Excludes grade V complications(deaths).
c
From The University of Pennsylvania experience only.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HTN, hypertension; ISGPS, The International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula;.IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.; LNR, lymph node ratio.