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. 2012 Sep 4;13:158. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-158

Table 4.

Confounder measurements

Confounder Variables How to measure
Demographic characteristics
Age, sex, social status, family size, educational attainment, occupational history, income
Questionnaire
Lifestyle
Smoking, alcohol
Questionnaire
Genetic factor
Family history of diabetes/hypertension
Questionnaire
Drugs Different medications for diabetes and hypertension Clinical record