TABLE 2.
Markers of coagulation and inflammation on admission in patients and controls
| Median (IQR) | p-values | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Unit | ST | MT | FC | HC | ST vs. MT | ST vs. FC | MT vs. FC | Typhus vs. Controls |
| TAT complexes | ng/mL | 18.2 (16.9–19.3) | 11.6 (10.6–12.9) | 6.8 (5.7–8.2) | 3.8 (3.0–4.8) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| sTF | pg/mL | 538 (467–587) | 298 (276–326) | 87 (72–98) | 43 (32–59) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| sTM | ng/mL | 228 (203–254) | 498 (456–537) | 113 (105–123) | 91 (84–102) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| VWF | % | 176 (143–201) | 302 (276–361) | 112 (104–125) | 103 (89–111) | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| AT | % | 89 (84–95) | 104 (98–110) | 101 (98–103) | 103 (98–108) | 0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.255 | 0.0007 |
| PC | % | 99 (93–105) | 82 (75–88) | 102 (98–108) | 102 (94–107) | 0.0001 | 0.3053 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| PAI-1 | ng/mL | 12.8 (11.5–16.6) | 20.5 (16.8–23.8) | 7.8 (6.4–9.1) | 5.2 (3.7–6.8) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| PAA | % | 92 (89–94) | 84 (80–88) | 103 (102–107) | 102 (94–106) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| tPA | ng/mL | 11.4 (8.6–13.7) | 16.4 (14.8–18.9) | 7.1 (5.9–8.2) | 4.7 (3.7–5.9) | 0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.0001 | 0.0008 |
| TNF-α | pg/mL | 1.4 (1.1–2.4) | 0 (0–1.3) | 1.3 (0–2.7) | 0 (0–1.1) | 0.0003 | 0.985 | 0.069 | 0.01 |
| IL-1β | pg/mL | 0 (0–3.5) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2.8) | 0 (0–0) | 0.0002 | 0.931 | 0.005 | 0.16 |
| IL-6 | pg/mL | 17.7 (12.1–37.2) | 12.7 (7.7–23.3) | 7.9 (2.2–20.8) | 0 (0–1.3) | 0.02 | 0.178 | 0.02 | 0.0001 |
| IL-8 | pg/mL | 17.5 (12.6–26.1) | 11.5 (8.0–24.6) | 13.1 (4.3–27.4) | 4.6 (3.1–6.9) | 0.04 | 0.167 | 0.654 | 0.0001 |
| IL-10 | pg/mL | 13.5 (6.4–25.9) | 3.0 (1.6–4.8) | 4.1 (0–13.4) | 0 (0–0) | 0.0001 | 0.036 | 0.69 | 0.0001 |
| IL-12 | pg/mL | 1.7 (0–2.4) | 1.6 (0–2.2) | 1.3 (0–1.7) | 1.3 (0–1.9) | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.59 | 0.03 |
AC, all controls; AT, antithrombin; FC, febrile controls; HC, healthy controls; IL, interleukin; IQR, interquartile range; MT, murine typhus group; PAA, plasminogen activator activity; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PC, protein C; ST, scrub typhus group; sTF, soluble tissue factor; sTM, soluble thrombomodulin; TAT, thrombin–antithrombin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator; VWF, von Willebrand factor.
Results of admission samples only. Probability values were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test. Sample sizes for coagulation parameters: ST, n = 55; MT, n = 55; FC, n = 11; HC, n = 51. Sample sizes for cytokines: ST, n = 51; MT, n = 49; FC, n = 11; HC, n = 45.
Significant p-values are depicted in bold.